Courses in Political Science

LOWER-DIVISION

6 Introduction to Political Science. Basic introduction to politics and society. These courses can be taken in any order.

6A Introduction to Political Science: Political Analysis (4). Presents various modes of understanding politics. Emphasis on basic approaches to political analysis, their uses in constructing theories, and their application to particular national political systems. (III, VII-B)

6B Introduction to Political Science: Macropolitics (4). Introduction to political inquiry at the level of the nation-state. Addresses the questions: how do we account for the emergence of a world system of nation-states; how does the course of political development affect the distribution of political power within nation-states; what is the evolutionary linkage between liberal democracies and the transformation of capitalism; what are the major challenges to political governance facing western democracies. (III)

6C Introduction to Political Science: Micropolitics (4). Introduction to political behavior of individuals and groups within national systems. Three major questions are addressed: How do individuals come to understand the political world? How do individuals behave within this world? How do groups and individuals engage in the political process? (III)

21A Introduction to American Government (4). Introduction to American political processes and institutions. Topics include elections, political participation, parties, interest groups, the Presidency, Congress, the bureaucracy, and the judiciary. (III)

27A Introduction to Asian American Politics (4). Examines the political experiences of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans from the mid-1800s to the present, with a special focus on how an Asian American identity came to be constructed and deployed in the struggle for political equality. Same as Asian American Studies 51. (VII-A)

29 Special Topics for Introductory Courses (4). May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

31A Introduction to Political Theory (4). Types of questions: What is politics? What are the theoretical and philosophical bases for different types of political arrangements? How do these perspectives get translated into reality? Among others, the works of Rousseau, Locke, Mill, and Marx are read. (III)

39 Lower-Division Special Topics in Political Theory (4). May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

41A Introduction to International Relations (4). Analysis of political relations between and among nations with emphasis on explanations of conflict and cooperation. The role of ideologies and their relation to international problems are also examined. (III, VII-B)

42A Nuclear Arms and Global Conflicts (4). Introduction to the history, technical basis, military capacity, and political conceptions and perceptions that bear on the global nuclear arms race. Topics include how weapons work and are delivered, theories of deterrence, arms race models, prospects for arms control and disarmament. (VII-B)

43D Global Security and Cooperation (4). Examination of global conflict and cooperation since World War II, and future prospects. The Cold War, nuclear arms race, regional conflicts, arms proliferation and control, deterrence theory, psychology of conflict, governmental and nongovernmental efforts to promote global peace and cooperation. Formerly Political Science 143D. (VII-B)

44A Global Issues and Institutions (4). Surveys recent developments in the nature of global interdependence. Examines the major political, economic, and military conflicts of this century and recent problems of population growth, environmental decay, ethnic/national antagonism and violence, and post-Cold War politics. Same as International Studies 12. (VII-B)

49 Lower-Division Special Topics in International Relations (4). May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

51A Introduction to Comparative Politics (4). Presents various analytical methods used to compare political systems. Emphasis on examination of theories and research with national political systems as units of analysis. Understanding how it is possible to compare political units and make meaningful statements about them. (III)

59 Lower-Division Special Topics in Comparative Politics (4). May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

71A Introduction to Law (4). An introduction to the study of judicial politics. Questions include: what is law?; what is a court?; who are the judges? Analysis of a wide range of judicial decisions illustrates the political importance of courts in the U.S. and elsewhere. (III)

79 Lower-Division Special Topics in Law (4). May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

UPPER-DIVISION

120-129: AMERICAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

121A The American Presidency (4). Presents a comprehensive survey of the American presidency and considers the question of political power.

121B Mass Media and the Nomination Process (4). Examines changes in the presidential nomination process over the last four decades as well as the role of the media in this process. Students do a research paper comparing the media's coverage of two nomination races in different historical eras.

121C U.S. Elections and Voting Behavior (4). Examines how voters evaluate political parties, candidates, and issues in electoral campaigns to reach their decisions. Numerous controversies concerning the degree of issue voting, sophistication of candidate evaluations, and the decline of political parties are discussed.

121D Public Policy (4). Introduction to the developmental processes, determinants, and substance of U.S. national public policy. The stages of issue generation, agenda-building, policy resolution, and implementation are examined within the context of specific policy areas.

121E Public Policy Analysis (4). Examines different approaches to the analysis of public policy with differing notions of what constitutes good policy, the role of government, and how citizens participate in policy-making. Suggests a policy-design perspective which builds upon other frameworks but concentrates on goals, implementation structures, tools, and rationales. Prerequisites: Environmental Analysis and Design E8 and E109U. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E157U.

122A American Metropolitan Politics (4). An analysis of the politics of urban and suburban cities. Main themes include alternative explanations of how political power is exercised and how policy decisions are made for urban governments; the structure of local political systems, including the problems of metropolitanism and federalism; the major policy problems facing the urban area, particularly from the perspective of the "underclass."

122B California Politics (4). Explores California state politics in comparison to other states in such dimensions as: nature of electoral competition, state constitutions, lobbying patterns, gubernatorial leadership, scope and innovativeness of major policies, relationship of politics and policies to differing electoral orientations and economic conditions.

122C The American Electorate (4). Provides an overview of how polls are conducted, and how they can be manipulated by question wording, sampling techniques, interviewing procedures, and context. Public attitudes toward Congress are examined, and students analyze survey data on their own as a research project.

123A Parties and Political Organizations (4). A consideration of the role that parties and other political organizations play in the American political process. Also looks at the development and significance of PACs, interest groups, and social movements as vehicles for democratic participation.

123B Representation and Redistricting (4). Deals with classical theories of representation: issues of racial and political representation in U.S. legislatures and city councils; proportional representation models and comparative election systems. Prerequisite: Political Science 21A.

123C Reforming American Politics (4). Assesses the demands and prospects for political reform in America. Where is political reform most needed? Why? What form shall it take? Focuses specifically on ethics of public decision-making, professionalization of American politics, institutional designs for democratic governance.

123D Research Methods in Political Science (4). Introduction to the methods of social science research. Examines the principles of the scientific method and then applies these methods in a class research project. Heavy emphasis on hands-on research.

124A The Politics of Protest in the U.S. (4). Examines the Civil Rights movement, the Black Power movement, and the women's movement in light of existing social movement theories. The theories are used to illuminate the three cases, and the cases are used to critique and revise the theories. (VII-A)

124C Comparative Minority Politics (4). Examines the political experiences of Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans in the United States from roughly 1950 to the present. Focuses on how each group has pursued political empowerment via both conventional political channels and social movements. Same as African-American Studies 151, Asian American Studies 132, and Chicano/Latino Studies 147. (VII-A)

125A The United States Congress (4). Does the Congress do a good job of representing the American citizenry? Is it the most appropriate mechanism for the creation, resolution, and implementation of public policy? Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

126A Mexican-Americans and Politics (4). Examines political development of Mexican-Americans. Topics include their "territorial" roots in the Southwest, demographics, political leadership and organization; policy issues of immigration, bilingualism, education, and economics; relations with other minority groups; the role of Mexican-Americans in U.S.-Mexico relations. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 143. (VII-A)

126B Urban Policy Analysis (4). Problem-solving seminar examining key issues for urban political systems and the metropolitan area. Evaluation of the nature, quality, and feasibility of alternative analyses of a series of policy problems, such as housing, poverty/welfare policy, transportation, crime, education. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

126C U.S. Immigration Policy (4). Examines selected immigration policy debates since the nineteenth century, rationale and consequences of immigration law since 1965, problems of administration, implementation and enforcement, impact of immigration policy on foreign relations, and contemporary debate regarding the future of U.S. policy. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 163. (VII-A)

126D Urban Politics and Policy (4). Examines the economic limits of cities and welfare policy. Addresses such issues as why are the poor concentrated in the central cities? Which anti-poverty programs will work best in the cities? Which level of government is best able to combat poverty in the U.S.?

127A-B-C Economic Analysis of Government Behavior I, II, III (4-4-4). The study of government using the tools of economics. 127A: The influence of voters' preferences on governmental policy; Arrow's impossibility theory; the Downsian theory of voting. 127B: The effects of various taxation and expenditure policies, such as social security. 127C: Research course in which students write a paper testing one of the theories covered in the first two quarters of the sequence. Prerequisite: Economics 100A-B or consent of instructor. Same as Economics 141A-B-C. Political Science 127B also same as Environmental Analysis and Design E158U.

128A Political Psychology (4). Examination of how psychological theory and research may be used to better understand political thought and behavior. Drawing on theories of learning, cognition, and personality, discusses the formation of political attitudes, the process of political decision-making, the nature of political leadership. Same as Psychology 176A.

128B Political Ideology (4). Examination of how people think about and understand politics, covering a range of issues from the nature of liberalism-conservatism opposition to the development of ideological thought during the college years, and using the work of anthropologists, psychologists, sociologists, political scientists. Prerequisite: satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement.

129 Special Topics in American Politics and Society (4). May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

130-139: POLITICAL THEORY AND METHODS

131A Political Thought Since Hobbes (4). Classic statements of political values from Hobbes to the present: classical liberalism, conservatism, radical democracy, liberal democracy, socialism, pluralism, Marxism, fascism, neoconservatism. Emphasis on underlying views of human nature and history. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

131B Marx and Nietzsche (4). Juxtaposes and compares two of the most powerful and penetrating intellects of the nineteenth century. Lectures deal primarily with biographical material and historical setting. Reading and discussions emphasize systematic comparison of their respective views of human nature, history, social discontents, and the future of Western societies.

131D Nietzsche (4). The social, economic, and political philosophy of Nietzsche. Nietzsche's seminal ideas about knowledge and language and how these ideas have influenced contemporary thinking concerning these subjects. Same as Sociology 127.

132A Critical Political Theory (4). Acquaints students with current political theories, critical of conventional thinking, which attempt to join political, economic, social, historical, linguistic, and philosophical concerns to questions involving the relationships between and among individuals, groups, and institutions in the society, economy, and polity. Prerequisite: upper-division standing. Same as Sociology 126.

132B-C-D Radical Social Proposals (4-4-4). An examination of current proposals for alternative mass media systems, political systems, and economic systems. Focus is on proposals aimed at increased citizen participation and control, and at more equal distribution of wealth. Prerequisite for 132B: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

132E Basic Societal Issues (4). For students who have serious concern about peace, economic justice, the environment, or the future of human society generally. Attempts to provide an understanding of the fundamental issues underlying such social problems; fundamental alternatives available for attempting to cope with them. Same as Sociology 172E. Students may not receive credit for both Political Science 32A/Sociology 72 and Political Science 132F/Sociology 172E.

133D Analytic Political Research (4). Encourages students to think creatively and analytically about politics by applying mathematical techniques as a means to increase understanding. Introduces the use of both static and dynamic mathematical models on such political topics as elections, revolution, and arms races.

134B Modern Political Theory (4). Focuses on a different aspect of modern political theory each quarter.

134C Theories of Political Structure (4). An examination of alternative theories of political structure with particular attention to those found among sociologists such as Parsons, anthropologists such as Lévi-Strauss and Nadel, psychologists such as Piaget, and Marxists such as Althusser and Poulantzas. The objective is to test the utility of these approaches for the construction of a theory of political structure. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

134D Theories for the Study of Politics (4). A critical introduction to alternative theories used for the study of politics. Special attention will be given to interpreting political life as a system of institutions and behaviors.

134F Social and Political Theory (4). Focus is on recent major work in social and political theory. An in-depth analysis of a relatively small body of writing. Authors discussed include Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, and Richard Rorty.

134H Language and Power (4). Seminar to study a theory of how reality/ meaning/knowledge is created in language as a consequence of structures of power. Prerequisite: upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Strongly recommended: 3.5 GPA and/or background in modern language analysis.

134J Sexism and Power (4). Sexism may be seen as a particular form of socially constructed power which creates and maintains gender differences as relations and practices of structured inequalities. Males and females are objects constructed in a powered language dominated and controlled by males to their positional and distributional advantage. Prerequisite: upper-division standing. Same as Sociology 168.

136A Political Economy (4). Introduction to the interrelationships between the American economy and American politics. Follows two basic premises: (1) one can know nothing about politics if one does not understand its relationship to the economy; and (2) one can know nothing about economics if one does not understand how the economy is related to politics and how political language is used for economic purposes. Recommended: introductory courses in politics and economics.

136B History of Political Economy (4). Introduction to the major ideas in political economy. Stresses linkages between the humanities and political economic thought. A consideration of premarket and socialist politico-economic systems focuses attention on the cultural, historical, and political influences on economic systems. Politico-economic thought is viewed as part of the larger body of scientific inquiry into the natures of nature and humanity.

137A Politics and Human Nature (4). Addresses the central debate between positive social science and normative political theory: is there an intrinsic human nature? If so, what is it? What is its origin? And how much cultural variation does it display? Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

138A Moral Choice During the Holocaust (4). Considers moral choice by comparing some of the major theories of moral choice with empirical examinations of moral exemplars during one of the most difficult periods in recent history: the Holocaust. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

138B Ethics and Public and Private Life: Advanced Seminar (4). Examines ethical issues in public and private life by considering traditional moral theory in light of specific moral dilemmas, such as environmental policy, genocide, abortion, euthanasia, social welfare, and aid to other countries. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the upper-division writing requirement or consent of instructor. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E154U.

139 Special Topics in Political Theory and Methods (4). May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

140-149: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

141A Environmental Politics and Policy (4). Lecture, three hours. Provides a multifaceted foundation for the development of environmental problem-solving and policy-making skills. Examines "nature" from a range of historical and cultural perspectives. Links socio-ecological stress theories to a range of landscapes and contemporary debates. Current air, water, and land policies. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E145U.

141B International Political Economy (4). Examination of problems in global political-economic relations through competing conceptual lenses or grand theories: mercantilism, liberalism, and marxism. Surveys North-North and North-South issues relating power and wealth. (VII-B)

141C International Political Economy of East Asia (4). Integration of theoretical perspectives in international political economy with the study of economic development in East Asia, with special emphasis on regional integration. (VII-B)

141D The European Union (4). Examination of the European Union as an ongoing political experiment. Assesses diverse explanations for the evolution of European economic and political integration. Analyzes the development of EU institutions/policies in such areas as trade, high technology, monetary relations, foreign policy. Prerequisite: upper-division standing. (VII-B)

141E U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Asia (4). U.S. policy toward the countries of East Asia: bilateral and regional security relationships, U.S. economic relations with the major Asian countries, the development of regional institutions, and human rights. (VII-B)

142C International Relations of Japan (4). An undisputed economic "superpower," Japan is internationally more significant today than ever before. Examines the historical background, salient issues, and future scenarios of the international relations of Japan.

142D U.S. Foreign Policy I: Globalism and Cold War (4). Looks at the changing international perspectives, policy responses, and military strategies of presidential administrations from Truman to Reagan. In assessing the motives and objectives of U.S. foreign policy leaders during the "Cold War" era, the concept of "national interest" is examined.

142E U.S. Foreign Policy II: Cold War Decline and After (4). Deals with U.S. foreign policy from the post-Vietnam War era through the collapse of the Cold War and into the emergence of the post-Cold War era, roughly from 1972 to the present.

142F U.S. Foreign Policy III: National Security Decision-Making (4). Concept of "national security" from 1947-1990s is reviewed. Organizational and psychological factors that influence decision-making, the dangers of "groupthink," and the issues of accountability are analyzed. National security agenda (military, economic, environmental, and social) for the 1990s is discussed.

142G U.S. Coercive Diplomacy (4). Examines the theory of compellence and the U.S. practice of coercive diplomacy--the power to change the behavior of other governments. Specific case examples include the Cuban missile crisis, bombing of North Vietnam, the Nicaraguan Contras, Desert Shield/Desert Storm, and Libya. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing.

143B Alternative Security (4). Seminar designed to critically evaluate the major means of preventing the outbreak of a great war--deterrence--and some major alternatives to this policy. Prerequisite: Political Science 42A.

143C Arms Control and International Security (4). General introduction to the theory and practice of arms control between the nuclear superpowers. Examines the history of the arms race, the disenchantment with disarmament, and the development of arms control as an alternative or complement to military power as a means of ensuring security. Prerequisite: Political Science 42A or consent of instructor.

143D Global Environmental Issues (4). While many agree that environmental problems threaten humankind, there is much disagreement over the nature of these threats and how to address them. This course examines global environmental issues from various perspectives in order to provide answers to these questions. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E132U and International Studies 120.

143E Globalization and Its Discontents (4). Reviews current literature on globalization and its impact on global, regional, and domestic politics. Explores how different states, nations, and cultures respond to common global predicaments and opportunities emanating from the international economy and the global institutions associated with it. (VII-B)

143F Intelligence in International Politics (4). Intelligence agencies, activities, and functions--their impact on international politics; how governments and societies seek to control intelligence agencies and activities; and how intelligence agencies work--their techniques, resources, technology, problems, successes, and failures.

144A Approaches to International Relations (4). Reviews theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of international relations using contending perspectives to analyze power and influence, capabilities, interdependence, reciprocity, international regimes, anarchy, cooperation, imperialism, and hegemony.

145A Central America and U.S. Policy (4). Examines revolution in Latin America and U.S. response of accepting, shaping, or opposing "radical" regimes. Recent conflicts in Central America compared to Mexico, Bolivia, Guatemala, Cuba, and Grenada. The theory and practice of coercive diplomacy and the case of U.S.-Nicaragua relations (1979-90) studied in detail.

145B U.S.-Mexican Relations (4). Realism and interdependence theories are applied to this asymmetric relationship. Analysis of NAFTA, relations with Canada, current issues in trade, capital flows, migration, narcotics control, and energy. Emphasis on interplay of domestic politics (California, Mexican Americans) and foreign policy. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 164. (VII-B)

146A Ethics and International Relations (4). Examines global political-economic relations through competing ethical perspectives, derived from different theoretical traditions. Topics: war and peace, intervention, North-South gap, supranational integration. (VII-B)

147A International Cooperation (4). Examines different approaches to the study of international cooperation placing special emphasis on multilateral institutional and "regimes" in areas such as trade (GATT), security (nonproliferation), and the global environment. (VII-B)

147B Interdependence in World Politics (4). Examines the effects of transnational networks and international economic interactions--e.g., migration, trade, and capital flows--on international political outcomes. Focuses on the cases of U.S.-Mexican and U.S.-Canadian relations. (VII-B)

148B United Nations (4). Designed to familiarize students with the inner workings of the most important international organization in the world--the United Nations. Its purpose, structure, and influence on different regions of the world is discussed at length. Looks at other international and regional organizations. (VII-B)

149 Special Topics in International Relations (4). May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

150-159: COMPARATIVE POLITICS

151A East Asian Politics (4). Explores the recent history and political systems of China, Japan, and Korea, comparing the three countries with each other and with occasional reference to the United States, British, and French systems. (VII-B)

151B Introduction to Chinese Politics (4). Background to the Chinese revolution, rise of the Communist party; and institutions, ideology, and structure of Communist party rule from 1949-present. (VII-B)

151C Chinese Politics: Policy, Leadership, and Change (4). Examines major policies from 1949 to the present, and considers the changing role of the Communist Party and its shifting treatment of various social groups; the era of Mao Zedong, reforms under Deng, and post-Deng politics. (VII-B)

151D Japanese Politics: State and Economy in Modern Japan (4). Introduction to the political foundations and economic achievements of modern Japan. Focus on the development and evolving roles and functions of the principal institutional actors in Japan's political economy. (VII-B)

151F Korean Politics and Society (4). Examination of contemporary political/social structures and process of Korea (South and North). Historical and cultural influences on current political systems and policies. Also included are economic development, national security, unification issues, and foreign relations. (VII-B)

151G Electoral Systems (4). A worldwide overview of electoral laws by which votes are converted into assembly seats. Systematic analysis of these laws and their effect on political process and stability. Single-, two-, and multi-party systems. Proportional representation versus plurality rule. Majoritarian and consensus patterns of government. Political Science 52B and 151G may not both be taken for credit.

152A Politics in Britain (4). The politics and processes of government in Britain; the operation of parliamentary government; the responses of the political system to the issues and problems in contemporary Britain. Racism and immigration policy; economic stagnation and entry into the Common Market; Northern Ireland; the linkages between social class and politics.

152B French Politics and Society (4). A general overview of the nature of French politics and society. Some of the basic literature on France is read, and students select a topic of particular interest to them. Students with a reading knowledge of French particularly welcome. (VII-B)

152C German Politics and Society (4). Concentrates on twentieth-century German politics and society, focusing on the contemporary political system of democratic West Germany. Study of the historical legacies of Weimar and the Nazi period, the postwar division between the two German states, and their reunification. (VII-B)

152D-E Post-Soviet Politics I, II (4-4). An overview of the present sociopolitical structure and of the major national cultures within the former Soviet Union. 152E: Expands on the themes of 152D plus individual research on any former Soviet topic. Prerequisite for 152E: Political Science 152D or consent of instructor; satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement. (152D: VII-B)

152F West European Politics (4). Explores four main themes: (1) thinking scientifically about politics; (2) understanding the linkages between different political structures and spheres of activity; (3) evaluating some theories about politics; (4) learning about three countries: Britain, France, and West Germany. (VII-B)

153A Latin American Politics (4). Explores the common political dynamics of Latin America, as well as the political histories and prospects of selected countries of the region. Places Latin American politics in an analytical framework derived from comparative politics. (VII-B)

153B Canadian Politics (4). An overview of contemporary Canadian government and politics. In addition to consideration of the basic structures and processes of Canadian government, topics may include regionalism, federalism, western alienation and oil, Canadian solutions to social welfare policy questions, developments in Quebec. (VII-B)

153C Research in Canadian Politics (4). Intensive consideration of several topics in Canadian politics and society, leading to the writing of a research paper by each student. Topics are oriented toward contemporary issues of public policy. Prerequisite: Political Science 153B or consent of instructor.

153D Mexican Politics (4). An overview of contemporary Mexican government and politics and their evolution in the twentieth century. Emphasis on state-society relations, the changing role of government in the economy, democratization, and the impact of opposition groups in politics and policy, including foreign policy.

153E Human Rights (4). Examines the causes and consequences of human rights violations with a focus on Latin America. What are human rights? When and where are they violated? What political mechanisms are available to deal with human rights problems? How effective are they? (VII-B)

153F Social Movements in Latin America (4). Explores leading issues in the study of social movements, through a series of Latin American cases. Provides a framework for thinking about the relationship between social forces and the political system, as well as knowledge of experiences important for studying Latin American politics. (VII-B)

154C Comparative Politics: Four Nations, Three Continents (4). Studies four countries in a comparative fashion: their respective political histories and cultural traditions, actual differences among their superficially similar party, parliamentary, and executive institutions; contemporary economic policy. The countries represent three continents and stand at varying levels of economic development. (VII-B)

154E Comparative Political Economy (4). Examines the interaction between politics and markets, both in theory and in practice, explicitly linking classic works on political economy with current policy debates. Studies how political systems and markets are organized in different national settings.

154F Peoples and Cultures of Post-Soviet Eurasia (4). Examines the cultures and political conflicts of the more than 130 indigenous ethnic groups in the European and Asian territories of the former U.S.S.R. Emphasis is on the theoretical issues of ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict management. Same as Anthropology 164P. (VII-B)

154G Conflict Management in Cross-Cultural Perspective (4). Examines theories of conflict management. Analyzes how conflict is mitigated in diverse cultures: at the interpersonal level, between groups, and on the international scale. Students discuss readings, hear from conflict management practitioners, and simulate negotiations. Same as Anthropology 136D. (VII-B)

155B Political/Social Impacts of Computing (4). Aims to increase our understanding of the major impacts of computer and telecommunications technologies on contemporary society. Emphasis on the uses and effects of these technologies on the political world, as well as other effects on society that are policy-relevant. Analytic research paper required. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

155C Organizations (4). How bureaucracies, formal organizations, and voluntary associations work, how and why they grow, and where they are going. History and structure of organizational rationality; dynamics of organized groups; behavior in organizations. The limits of bureaucratization and attempts to overcome these limits through decentralization. Same as Sociology 141.

155E Revolution and Collective Political Violence (4). Examines the theory of collective political violence, internal war, and insurgency. Considers causes and "process" of revolutions; comparative characteristics of organized armed movements; personality of revolutionary leaders. U.S. foreign policy and military doctrine on insurgency and low-intensity conflict reviewed. Prerequisite: satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement.

155F The Political Development of Japan (4). Surveys postwar development of Japan's politics and political economy and analyzes the political and institutional context of policy making in Japan, focusing on the roles played by state and societal actors. (VII-B)

155G Advanced Topics in Japanese Politics (4). Analysis of four current issues in Japanese politics: political reform, administrative reform and economic deregulation, foreign economic relations, and Japan's defense and security policies. (VII-B)

156A Political Participation (4). The ways in which people in various political systems take part in politics, especially in activities directed toward affecting outcomes. Who is active, what they do, why they do it, and what difference it makes. (VII-B)

156B Participation and Representation (4). Examines the concepts "political participation" and "political representation" and the interconnection between these concepts. Addresses both the theoretical issues and debates raised by these concepts and considers how they are studied empirically. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

156C Citizen Politics (4). Study of the role of public opinion in the political process. Reviews some of the key research approaches and findings on which our current understanding of public opinion is based, and provides an opportunity to conduct research and to analyze public opinion surveys. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

156D Social Movements and Collective Behavior (4). A survey of models of collective action drawn from sociology, economics, psychology, and political science, and focusing on areas such as social movements, strikes, crowd psychology, cults, fads, fashions, public opinion, and symbolic and mythical elements in collective culture. Prerequisite: Political Science 6A, Sociology 1, or Economics 1. Same as Sociology 174.

157A Nationalism (4). Nationalism, one of the most potent social and political forces of the twentieth century, is explored. Seeks to understand the sources and nature of various forms of nationalism. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement. (VII-B)

158A Political Corruption (4). Political corruption is universal. Examines how standards of corruption have changed over time in the United States, and how they vary from country to country. This seminar-style course emphasizes discussion of both ethical and practical issues relating to corruption. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

159 Special Topics in Comparative Politics (4). May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

170-179: PUBLIC LAW

171A Law and Society (4). Examination of the law and its various roles in society. The nature and meaning of law; legality and power in the American system; law as a mechanism for social change; the role of law in dispute processing, social control, compliance with judicial decisions. Prerequisites: Political Science 71A and satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

171B Jurisprudence (4). A survey of legal philosophies. Explores jurisprudence from the ancient Greeks to the present, including natural law philosophy; legal positivism and realism; sociological jurisprudence; and liberal, radical, and conservative thought. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A.

171C Comparative Constitutional Politics (4). Examines the impact of constitutional courts on politics and policy-making in Canada, France, Germany, and the United States. Cases may focus on the constitutional politics of free speech, abortion, rights to property, and the conduct of foreign relations. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A and satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement.

171D American Constitutional Law (4). American constitutional interpretation through extensive analysis of cases involving the separation of powers, federal-state relations, rights of property, free expression, privacy, criminal due process, political participation, and equality. Corollary topics include legal research methods, development of judicial review, legal reasoning, and the political impact of Supreme Court decisions. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A. Political Science 171D and Criminology, Law and Society J102 may not both be taken for credit.

171E Law and Social Sciences (4). The use of social science evidence in litigation is examined. Looks at the complex interaction of social facts, law, statistical models, and normative judgments, focusing on political science and sociological testimony in areas of Fourteenth Amendment equal protection jurisprudence. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A.

171F Law and Society in the Twenty-First Century (4). Examines the complex relationship between law, the social sciences, and modern society. Lectures explore such issues as the interplay between technology and constitutional rights, the impact of science on law, and the evolving roles of attorneys and judges. Same as Social Science 172D.

172A International Law (4). Examination of the origin, changing structure, and application of international law, and the role of legal norms in regulating the behavior of states and maintaining international order. The use of force, pacific settlement of disputes among nations, human rights, international terrorism. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A. (VII-B)

173A Comparative Legal Systems (4). Comparative survey and analysis of legal systems, actors, cultures, and norms in nations of the following traditions: common law (U.S. and British Commonwealth), civil law (Western Europe and Latin America), socialist (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe), and Asian (China and Japan). Prerequisite: Political Science 71A or consent of instructor. (VII-B)

174A Civil Liberties (4). Political analysis of selected Supreme Court cases involving claims under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment. Topics include: race, sex, and other forms of discrimination; criminal justice; privacy; freedom of speech and related claims. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A.

174B Constitutional Rights (4). Addresses a central aspect of politics: the interpretation and application of the United States' fundamental rules. These rules tell us something about the goals of society, and the means chosen to achieve them by allocating rights and duties, costs, and benefits among its members. Prerequisite: Political Science 71A or consent of instructor.

174C U.S. Supreme Court (4) Detailed overview and analysis of the role played by the U.S. Supreme Court in the American political system. Judicial review, appointment of justices, judicial activism and judicial restraint, process of case selection, court deliberation, land decision-making, impact of Supreme Court decisions.

179 Special Topics in Public Law (4). Prerequisite: Political Science 71A. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

SPECIAL COURSES--UPPER DIVISION

H180 Honors Seminar in Political Science (4). Restricted to students enrolled in the Honors Program in Political Science. May be taken for credit three times as topics vary.

H182A Honors Thesis Workshop (4). A weekly seminar/workshop to facilitate the exchange of ideas and research strategies among students and to review their progress in writing the thesis. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Open only to students in the Political Science Senior Thesis program.

183 Public Affairs Internship (4). Supervised internship and study in political, governmental, nonprofit, or related organizations for students participating in the Department's Public Affairs Internship Program. Enrollment dependent upon availability of intern positions. Pass/Not Pass only. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be taken for credit three times.

184 Government Internship (4). Internship and study in political, governmental, nonprofit, or related organizations for students participating in the UCDC Program. Pass/Not Pass only. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be taken for credit twice.

190 Senior Thesis (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be taken for credit for a total of three times.

197 Field Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

198 Directed Group Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

199 Independent Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies. Students may enroll for only one 199 each quarter.

GRADUATE

210A-B-C Research Seminar in Politics and Society (1.3-1.3-1.4). Weekly reports and colloquia by faculty, students, and visitors. Students required to report on one research project over the course of three quarters. Required of first- and second-year graduate students in Political Science. Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory only. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

211A Foundations of Modern Political Science (4). Provides an introduction to major works by highly influential scholars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, such as Marx and Engels, Mosca, Michels, Weber, Wallas, and Lasswell, that constitute the foundation of contemporary political science. Required of first-year graduate students in Political Science. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

211B Micropolitics (4). Provides students with comprehensive introduction to the substance and methods of the study of political behavior. Focuses on the level of individual behavior, but the relation to macrosocial analysis is considered. Required of first-year graduate students in Political Science. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

211C Macropolitics (4). Examines some of the major research issues in political science involving macro-level questions: systemic processes, political institutions, or system outputs. Required of first-year graduate students in Political Science. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

219A-Z Special Topics in Politics and Society (4). Current research in politics and society. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

220A Issues in American Politics and Government (4). Seminar covering major issues in the study of American political behavior and institutions. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

220B American Politics and the State (4). Explores recent scholarship on various aspects of American politics while remaining attentive to the analytical and substantive importance of the state.

220C Mass Media and Politics (4). The role of the mass media in shaping the political agenda and influencing political behavior. The primary focus is on the role of the media in election campaigns. Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor.

221A Public Policy (4). Explores different approaches to public policy analysis, the diverse conceptions of the goals and objectives that should be served by policy, and the appropriate role of the policy analyst. Policy consequences are traced to indirect and subtle incentives and disincentives. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Urban and Regional Planning U221.

224A Environmental Politics and Policy (4). Reviews and critiques literature on discussion topics including: the nature and effectiveness of the environmental movement and environmental policies; the role of science and technology; the use of economic incentives in policy; decentralization of decision making; and creating arenas for public involvement. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Urban and Regional Planning U224.

229 Advanced Research Methods (2). Topics in advanced research methods. Topics will vary. Prerequisite: graduate standing. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

232B Electoral Systems Seminar (4). Studies electoral systems worldwide, analyzes their effect on the number of parties and duration of government cabinets, and applies the results to the present democratizing countries. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

234A Research Methods in Political Science (4). An introduction to standard research techniques in political science. Issues of epistemology, research design, and approaches to empirical analysis. Prerequisites: graduate standing or consent of instructor, and upper-division or graduate-level statistics.

236A Wars, Democracy, and Fascism (4). Analyzes the important psychological legacies of wars in the later creation of political institutions. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

238A How Government Began (4). Development of political institutions, from pre-human to Roman civilizations and beyond. Emphasizes actual practices, not "political thought," from 3000 B.C. to 1 A.D. Student presentations, however, can be on any time period. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

240A American Foreign Policy Decision Making (4). Assesses the changing international perspectives, policy instruments, and decision making processes of United States presidential administrations since World War II. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

241B Seminar in International Relations Theory (4). Overview of the major theories guiding research and scholarship in international relations. Focus on major conceptual approaches (realism, neoliberalism, marxism) and levels of analysis (systemic, state, and subnational), as well as on methodological/epistemological debates engulfing the field. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

241C Theories of International Cooperation (4). Examines and evaluates theories of international cooperation and their relations to more general conceptual and methodological approaches in international relations. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

242A International Political Economy (4). Examination of major theoretical approaches to explaining the politics of international economic relations. Analysis of the effects of power, ideas, and international institutions on economic competition and cooperation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

243A Normative Approaches to International Politics (4). Departing from materialistic, utility-based foundations of traditional international relations, "constructivist" or "normative" approaches hold that interests and behavior take shape within social structures whose crucial elements are beliefs, scripts, and rules. Seminar critically assesses major works in the normative tradition. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

250A Political Economy (4). Introduction to the many relationships between economics, politics, and government, both within and among societies. Areas covered include contemporary American politics, American history, ideology, labor, property, multinational corporations, economic regulation, international relations, and the Third World. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

252A The State in Comparative Perspective (4). Seminar examining the state from theoretical, empirical, comparative perspectives. How the state came into being, the state's role in the economy, toward society and internationally, and in policy-making in Western Europe, East Asian newly industrialized countries, the Third World. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

252B The Comparative Method (4). Examines approaches to research design in comparative political science. Focus is on the uses of the comparative method in both theory and practice. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

252C Conditions of Democracy (4). Analysis of the constitutional, historical, social, economic, and cultural conditions under which democracies can be stable and effective. Readings in the principal works on the subject from deTocqueville to Lipset, Dahl, Almond, and Verba. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

252D Comparative Democratic Politics (4). Introduction to basic ideas in comparative politics and empirical democratic theory. The U.S. is used as a case study; its history, institutions, and policies are compared and contrasted with those of roughly 30 other major democracies, with particular interest in other large industrialized nations. Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor.

253A Political Culture (4). An introduction to the general study of political culture and the political cultures of selected societies, including Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Russia, China, India, and Mexico. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

253B Regime Change in East Asia (4). Regime change from authoritarianism to democracies (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan); gradual political change (China). Uses theories from comparative literature on regime transition; combines theory with historical institutions, political culture, prior regimes, elements in the transition process in the four countries. Prerequisites: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

260A Research Seminar in Electoral Behavior (4). Students design and carry out an original research project in the field of electoral behavior, analyzing data from recent national election studies. Emphasis on learning techniques of data analysis and presentation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

260B Political Participation (4). Examines theoretical approaches to the explanation of the pattern of participation and consideration of the results of empirical studies of such activity by mass publics (mainly in Europe and North America). Addresses issues in both comparative politics and political behavior. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

261A Language and Power (4). Seminar to study a theory of how reality/ meaning/knowledge is created in language as a consequence of structure of power. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

262A Rationality in Social Science (4). History of the paradigm, how it has been refined into the cost-benefit model as applied to political decision making; identification and examination of the main assumptions underlying the model; suggested modifications in the rationality paradigm. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

262B Human Nature, Altruism, and Public-Spirited Behavior (4). Philosophical and behavioral discussions of altruism and cultural influences on public-spirited behavior. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

270A-B-C Seminar in Public Choice I, II, III (4-4-4). Public Choice lies at the intersection of economics and political science. This course involves the use of tools derived from economics to understand the behavior of governments and of citizens when they deal with politics. Prerequisite: graduate standing and Social Science 111H. Same as Economics 270A-B-C.

280A Seminar in Political Psychology (4). Systematic introduction to the psychological study of political behavior. Topics will include: political ideology, communication and persuasion, political socialization, political decision-making, and political participation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

285A Introduction to Political Psychology I (4). Reviews theoretical questions regarding the relationship between the analytical and normative and the polity. Considers the relationship between the analytical and normative concerns of psychology and political science, addressing empirical literatures including works on political socialization, ideology and public opinion, identity and nationality.

285B Introduction to Political Psychology II (4). Discusses the complex set of relationships among the three disciplines of politics, psychology, and economics, focusing on human decision-making processes and political choice. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Formerly Political Science 262C.

290 Dissertation Research (4 to 12). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

299 Independent Study (4). May be repeated for credit.