Courses in Anthropology

LOWER DIVISION

2 Introduction to Anthropology. Basic introduction to anthropology. These courses can be taken in any order.

2A Introduction to Sociocultural Anthropology (4). Introduction to cultural diversity and the methods used by anthropologists to account for it. Family relations, economic activities, politics, gender, and religion in a wide range of societies. Stresses the application of anthropological methods to research problems. (III, VII-B)

2B Introduction to Biological Anthropology (4). Evolutionary theory and processes, comparative primate behavior, primate fossil record, human variation, and the adequacy of theory, i.e., fit of theory and empirical data. (III)

2C Introduction to Archaeology (4). Archaeological theory and cultural processes with emphasis on the American Southwest, Mesoamerica, and Mesopotamia. (III)

2D Introduction to Language and Culture (4). Explores what the study of language can reveal about ourselves as bearers of culture. After introducing some basic concepts, examines how cultural knowledge is linguistically organized and how language might shape our perception of the world. Same as Linguistics 68. (III)

10A-B-C Probability and Statistics (4-4-4). An introduction to probability and statistics. Emphasis on a thorough understanding of the probabilistic basis of statistical inference. Emphasizes examples from anthropology, sociology, and related social science disciplines. Same as Sociology 10A-B-C. Students who receive credit for Anthropology 10A-B-C may not receive credit for Economics 10A-B-C, Psychology 10A-B-C, Social Ecology 13, Social Science 9A-B-C or 10A-B-C, or Sociology 10A-B-C. (V)

20A People, Cultures, and Environmental Sustainability (4). An anthropological consideration of global environmental sustainability from the perspective of human cultures and communities. Causes and consequences of population growth, natural resource management, environmental law, environmental ethics. Case studies emphasize tropical rain forests, arid lands of Africa and North America. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E20.

30A Global Issues in Anthropological Perspective (4). Explores anthropological perspectives on issues of importance in an increasingly global society. Topics vary from year to year; may include emphases on ethnic conflict; identity; immigration and citizenship; religion and religious diversity; medical anthropology; legal anthropology; development and economic change; gender.

30B Ethnography and Anthropological Methods (4). Explores the role of ethnography in anthropological and other social science research. Provides theoretical and reflective readings on ethnography, as well as practical exercises in ethnographic method, to explore ethnography's traditional place as anthropology's main methodological contribution to the social sciences.

40A The Rise of Civilization (4). Surveys of archaeological techniques and theories for the study of cultural evolution. Specific theories of the origins of the state and civilization. Sociopolitical structure of simple, egalitarian societies, and origins of complex society. Overview of the archeological database.

41A Origins of Global Interdependence (4). Offers a general overview of the rise of global interdependence in political, economic, demographic, and cultural terms. Considers what drove people from relative isolation into intensified intercourse with one another, and investigates the consequences of this shift. Same as International Studies 11. (VII-B)

50A Primate Societies (4). Surveys the lifeways of non-human primates. Topics include general characteristics of primates, their evolution, geographical distribution, ecology, and social relationships. Special emphasis placed on the adaptive aspects of primate societies and their relevance for understanding humans and the nature of human societies. Same as Psychology 73P.

85A Cultures in Collision: Indian-White Relations Since Columbus (4). An introductory survey of topics such as: indigenous religious belief and socio-political organization, stereotypic "images," intermarriage, the fur trade, Native leaders, warfare, and contemporary issues. Slides, films, and trips to local museums enhance student learning. Same as Sociology 65. (VII-A)

89 Special Topics in Anthropology (1 to 4) F, W, S. Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

UPPER-DIVISION

121A Kinship and Social Organization (4). Organization of social life primarily in preindustrial societies. Theories of kinship, marriage regulations, sexual behavior, and social roles. Comparisons of biological, psychological, sociological, and economic explanations of social organization. (VII-B)

121B Evolutionary Psychology (4). Investigates the interaction between culture and biology. Each one affects the other in a process known as coevolution. Prerequisite: satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.

121D Cross-Cultural Studies of Gender (4). Familiarizes students with the diversity of women's experiences around the world. Gender roles and relations are examined within cultural and historical contexts. A central concern is how class, race, and global inequalities interact with women's status. Prerequisite: Anthropology 2A or 2B. (VII-B)

121E Women, Race, and Social Movements in Latin America (4). Analyzes the emergence and transformation of social movements in Latin America from the 1980s to the present. Focuses on two groups of protagonists: women (who organized various types of movements), and Black Latin Americans (whose organization has been limited). (VII-B)

121G Political Anthropology (4). Utilizes anthropological accounts of Western and non-Western societies to question conventional ways of thinking about power and politics. Classical traditions in political anthropology are critiqued; an alternative view is presented through recent anthropological political analyses of topics such as class, gender, aesthetics, and popular culture.

121H Social Inequality: Anthropological Perspectives (4). Concrete anthropological and sociological studies from across the world, including the United States, are compared to give perspectives on social status, power, economic differences, race, ethnicity, and gender. Prerequisite: one course in Anthropology, Economics, Political Science, or Sociology. Same as Sociology 165A. (VII-B)

121J Urban Anthropology (4). Cultural roles of urban centers and processes or urbanization in comparative perspective, focusing on nonwestern, nonindustrial societies of past and present; relationship between modern urban centers and Third World peoples. Migration, urban poverty, adaption, social and political integration of rural folk in urban settings in Africa, Asia, Latin America. (VII-B)

125A Economic Anthropology (4). Economic systems in comparative perspective: production, distribution, and consumption in market and non-market societies; agricultural development in the third world. Prerequisite: one course in general science, anthropology, economics, geography, or sociology. Same as Economics 152A. (VII-B)

125B Ecological Anthropology (4). Studies relationships between human communities and their natural environments. The role of environment in shaping culture; effects of extreme environments on human biology and social organization; anthropologist's role in studying global environmental problems, e.g., African famine, destruction of tropical rain forests. Prerequisite: Anthropology 2A, 2B, or 2C. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E125. (VII-B)

125M Community Change and Transnational Development (4). Focuses on community, national, and international perspectives on findings and applications of anthropological and economic research concerning development and social change. Anthropological critiques of development processes, development agencies, and development economics.

125P-Q The Economics of Traditional Societies I, II (4-4). 125P: Models and ethnographic descriptions of noncommodity economic relationships of the form that characterize intergroup and intragroup economic processes of many tribal societies. Includes analyses of gift exchange and resource allocation within the household. 125Q: Devoted entirely to supervised research by class members. Prerequisites: Economics 20A-B-C; Economics 152A or Anthropology 125A recommended. Same as Economics 152P-Q. (VII-B)

125S The Anthropology of Money (4). Anthropological approaches to monetary systems; impact of money on subsistence economies; cultural history of money in the west; and modern transformations of money. Also considers recent developments in the cultural history of money, "securitization," credit alternative currencies, and digital cash.

125X Immigration in Comparative Perspective (4). Examines issues related to the migration and settlement of immigrants. Although the focus is on the Mexican migration to the United States, comparisons are also made to immigrant groups from Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Central America, the Caribbean, and Europe. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 161. (VII-A)

125Y South Asian American Experience (4). Examines and compares the experiences of South Asian immigrants in the U.S. over time. Looks at the economic, political, and social positions of the immigrants, with special emphasis on religious changes and the changes in the second and later generations. Same as Asian American Studies 151F.

125Z Muslim Identities in North America (4). Explores multiple identities of Muslims in North America, including indigenous Muslims (e.g., African-American Muslims and Sufis) and immigrants of many national origins. Explores religious, political, cultural, ethnic, class differences among American Muslims, turning to Islamic institutions near UCI to conduct small research projects. Same as Asian American Studies 142. (VII-A)

126G Marriage and Bridewealth (4). The rules by which children are positioned within a social system and by which men claim rights over women vary widely among societies. Analyzes these rules on the basis of a formal theory of wealth allocations between and among corporate groups that challenge neoclassical models. Prerequisites: Anthropology 2A and Economics 20A-B-C, or consent of instructor. Same as Economics 152M.

126N Political Economy of Economic Development (4). Focuses on fundamental factors affecting process of economic evolution and development. Most emphasized factors include methods by which economic surplus is appropriated by well-situated social groups and the characteristics of the economic policies of such groups. Corequisites or prerequisites: Economics 10A-B and 30 or equivalents recommended. Prerequisites: Economics 20A-B-C. Same as Economics 148D. (VII-B)

127A Law and Modernity (4). The rise and spread of Enlightenment legal traditions, social contract theory, individual rights, ideologies of "liberty, equality, fraternity"; contradictions of liberal law, its understandings of "primitive" and "civilized"; pervasive myths of property, difference, race, and rights. Reading- and writing-intensive. Same as Criminology, Law and Society J191. (VII-B)

129 Special Topics: Social and Economic Anthropology (1 to 4) F, W, S. Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

132A Psychological Anthropology (4). Cultural differences and similarities in personality and behavior. Child-rearing practices and consequent adult personality characteristics, biocultural aspects of child development and attachment, evolutionary models of culture and behavior, politically linked personality, cognitive anthropology, psychology of narrative forms, comparative national character studies. Prerequisite: Anthropology 2A or Psychology 7A or Psychology 9A-B-C. Same as Psychology 173A.

132B Cognitive Anthropology (4). Focuses on individual and cultural differences and similarities in the categorization and organization of semantic structures. Relation of variations in these conceptual structures to other systems of behavior.

134A Medical Anthropology (4). Cultural and social influences on the distribution of disease and the experience of illness, the representation of cultural knowledge about illness, patterning of emotional expression and psychiatric illness treatment decision making, the structure of health care systems and therapeutic processes.

134D Culture and Health (4). Explores America's cultural diversity by examining differing systems of belief and behavior in relation to illness, curing, disease, practitioner behavior, and use of conventional medical services. Groups focused on include Native Americans, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 146.

134E Ways of Healing (4). Designed to explore and discover the diverse ways humans have devised to heal themselves. The theoretical premise is that social ties are an essential ingredient to successful healing and, indeed, protection against the onset of illness.

135A Religion and Social Order (4). An anthropological exploration of religious belief and practices in diverse social and historical contexts. Emphasis placed on selected non-western traditions of the sacred, and on issues of power, ritual, moral order, and social transformation. (VII-B)

135H Religion in South Asia (4). Introduction to South Asian civilization looking not only at Hinduism and Islam but at the socioeconomic and political systems which have supported religions traditions. (VII-B)

135I Modern South Asian Religions (4). Nineteenth- and twentieth-century developments in Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism are covered, with emphasis on changing forms as well as contents of religious movements.

136A Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Contemporary World (4). An exploration of the concepts of identity, culture, ethnicity, race, and nation through ethnographic cases, with a view to asking larger questions: How do people create nativeness and foreignness? How does "culture" get worked into contemporary racisms and nationalisms?

136B History of Anthropological Theory (4). A review of competing approaches in anthropological theory from the nineteenth century to the present, covering social evolutionism, functionalism, structuralism, and cultural relativism, as well as more recent intellectual movements and issues such as feminism, cultural studies, poststructuralism, and postmodernism.

136D Conflict Management in Cross-Cultural Perspective (4). Examines theories of conflict management. Analyzes how conflict is mitigated in diverse cultures: at the interpersonal level, between groups, and on the international scale. Students discuss readings, hear from conflict management practitioners, and simulate negotiations. Same as Political Science 154G. (VII-B)

136G Colonialism and Gender (4). An anthropological enquiry into the ways colonial relations of power have been structured and gendered throughout the world, and to what effect. Examines the social locations of men and women in the everyday exercises of colonial and imperial power.

136K The Woman and the Body (4). Probes culture and politics of the female body in late twentieth-century American life. Focusing on "feminine beauty," examines diverse notions of beauty, bodily practices, and body politics embraced by American women of different classes, ethnicities, and sexualities. (VII-A)

136M Refugees and Exile (4). An anthropological exploration of exile and displacement. Examines how large population displacements occur, what is usually done about refugees and why, and how the lived experiences of exile influence displaced people's senses of identity, home, and history.

137A Reading Images Culturally (4). Students are provided with the analytical tools necessary to undertake research on visual representations. Images, as cultural productions, are steeped in the values, ideologies, and taken-for-granted beliefs of the culture which produced them. Of concern are representations of race, identity, gender, and the "Other." Same as Chicano/ Latino Studies 116.

138M Music as Expressive Culture (4). Fundamental requirements for development of a musical tradition. Guiding structural principles which must be agreed upon for new forms of expression to be understood and accepted. How members of society develop their own individual musical cultures and how these permit them to interact with the personal cultures of others.

138N Readings in Ethnomusicology (4). A guided introduction survey through some of the written research in the field of ethnomusicology. Assigned readings and class discussion. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

138O Music and Society in the Ottoman Sphere (4). The unique character of Ottoman society created a musical culture which spread throughout much of Eastern Europe and into much of the Arabic speaking world. This influence is still clearly manifest in these regions as well as in Turkey. (VII-B)

138P Music of Asia (4). A survey of the major music traditions of Asia and a consideration of the broad cultural and historical patterns which brought them about. Discusses the interaction and development of regional forms and communicates something of the value systems underlying these forms. (VII-B)

138Q Latino Music: A View of Its Diversity and Strength (4). A survey of the musics of the many Latin cultures of the Americas including Mexico, Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean, and of those many Latin cultures which thrive and survive in the United States. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 115A. (VII-B)

138R Cross-Cultural Parameters of Popular Music (4). A consideration of popular music in the U.S. and abroad. How is pop defined and what does its evolution in other cultures tell us about our own pop music? The course will consider how the various cultures within the U.S. fit into the pop music scene, how they modify it today, and how they have in the past. (VII-A)

138S Music of Greater Mexico (4). A wide range of musics exist in Mexico, and in the Mexican traditions within the United States. From the indigenous traditions of Mexico and the ancient Aztec and Mayan civilizations through the Colonial and Revolutionary periods, the variety of Mexican music is explored. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 115B.

138T Africa and Afro-American Music (4). Africa's range of musical languages had a profound influence on the musics of the Americas. Covers sub-Saharan Africa and Afro-American musics of Latin America and the United States. Explores the survival of cultural characteristics and diffusion of musical ideas. (VII-A)

139 Special Topics in Cultural and Psychological Anthropology (1 to 4) F, W, S. Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

141A Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and the Southwest (4). The prehistory and cultural evolution of the civilizations which originated in Mexico, including the Olmecs, Aztecs, Toltecs, Maya, and Zapotec, as well as the Pueblos of the Southwestern U.S. Topics include the origins of food production and of the state, political and social history, ancient cities, and the Spanish conquest.

149 Special Topics in Archaeology (1 to 4) F, W, S. Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

161T Field Research: Asian Immigrants and Refugees in Orange County (4). Instruction in field work methodology via research projects involving the local communities of immigrants and refugees from Asia. Open only to School of Social Sciences and Asian American Studies majors. Same as Asian American Studies 197. (VII-A)

162A Peoples and Cultures of Latin America (4). Surveys the prehistory of Latin America and its indigenous cultures, emphasizing the impact of colonial rule, capitalism, and twentieth-century transformations. Emphasis on communities from several countries. In some years, emphasis on comparisons between the Latin American and Caribbean experiences. (VII-B)

162B Indian North America (4). A survey of indigenous peoples in North America: American Indians, Alaska Natives, First Nations, Native Americans. Tribal populations and geographic distributions, political and social organization, sovereignty, self-determination, intergovernmental relations; cultural continuity and change; management, preservation, development of environments/resources. Prerequisite: satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement. (VII-A)

163A Peoples of the Pacific (4). The cultural history and recent developments among the Pacific peoples of Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, New Guinea, and Australia. (VII-B)

163H State and Society in Contemporary China (4). Explores the social relations and cultures of Chinese societies and their embeddedness in changing political and economic regimes. Emphasis is on transformations associated with the construction and partial dismantling of socialism on the Chinese mainland, but attention is also given to the Chinese diaspora. (VII-B)

163K Korean Society and Culture (4). Introductory background to the social and cultural forces that affect the lives of the Koreans, including those in the United States. Considers traditional values and contemporary issues within a historical framework. Same as East Asian Languages and Literatures 130 and Sociology 175A. (VII-B)

164A African Societies (4). Comparative studies of the cultures and societies of Sub-Saharan Africa, with emphasis on ecological adaptations, social organizations, languages, and social change. Prerequisite: Anthropology 2A.

164K South Africa (4). Explores current political events in South Africa and uses these events to explore some classic issues in social and political theory. Historical and anthropological approaches are combined. (VII-B)

164L Ethnography and Politics in Southern Africa (4). Explores the way that ethnographic accounts have described political processes in southern Africa (including such things as migrant labor and rural transformation, urbanization, ethnicity, and political resistance), and how such accounts have been shaped by their own political contexts. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (VII-B)

164N Islam and Society (4). Examines transformations in contemporary Muslim communities around the world. Explores relationships among religion, culture, and economy. Ethnography, fiction, autobiography, videos, and slides introduce students to relationships between Muslims and the West; diversity among Muslim societies; daily life in different Muslim communities.

164P Peoples and Cultures of Post-Soviet Eurasia (4). Examines the cultures and political conflict of the more than 130 indigenous ethnic groups in the European and Asian territories of the former U.S.S.R. Emphasis is on the theoretical issues of ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict management. Same as Political Science 154F. (VII-B)

169 Special Topics in Area Studies (1 to 4) F, W, S. Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

172A-B Data Collection and Analysis I, II (4-4) F, W. Basic methods and theories of proximity and preference data collection including pile-sort, ranking, triads, item-by-use matrices, rating, and free-listing. Multidimensional scaling, clustering, and quadratic assignment approaches are utilized. Extensive hands-on computer use. Prerequisite: Social Science 10A-B-C, 100A-B-C, or consent of instructor.

174A World Cultural Comparisons (4). Introduction to ethnology/ethnography, comparative research and theory, culminating in processes of discovery and hypotheses testing using world cultural databases to which students can contribute. Prerequisite: satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement. (VII-B)

176A Exploring Society Through Photography (4). Students explore society through presentation, interpretation, and discussion of their own photographs. A few common exercises at the beginning of the quarter are followed by individual projects. Photography as social observation and the relation of photographs in an essay are stressed. Prerequisite: basic darkroom techniques or the digital equivalent. Same as Social Science 182A and Sociology 114A.

179 Special Topics: Methods and Formal Representations (1 to 4) F, W, S. Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

SPECIAL COURSES

180A Anthropology Majors Seminar (4-4-4). A course in anthropological theory designed especially for majors in Anthropology. Different issues are considered in different years. Prerequisite: Anthropology major only or consent of instructor.

190 Senior Thesis (4). May be taken a total of three times. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

H190A Honors Research Workshop (4) F. Students articulate the goals and significance of their research projects. Written work consists of an eight- to fifteen-page research proposal, due by quarter's end, describing the research question, the relevant literature, and methods of data collection and analysis. Prerequisites: open only to students in the Honors Program in Anthropology; consent of instructor.

H190B Honors Field Research (4) W. Students begin or continue ethnographic field research that combines exploratory field research (e.g., participant-observation, interviews, study of archival and documentary materials) with fixed format data collection methods (e.g., standardized interviews, behavioral observations). Prerequisite: Anthropology H190A; consent of instructor.

H191 Honors Senior Thesis (4) S. Student drafts a senior honor thesis (typically) with the following sections: problem statement, literature review, ethnographic background, description of the methods, results, and conclusions. Prerequisites: Anthropology H190A, H190B; satisfaction of the lower-division writing requirement; consent of instructor.

197 Field Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

198 Group Directed Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

199 Independent Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

GRADUATE

202A-B-C Proseminar in Anthropology (4-4-4). Year-long intensive introduction to the history of anthropological thought and reading in classical and contemporary ethnography for first-year graduate students. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

208A Anthropological Fieldwork Methodology (4). A survey of anthropological fieldwork methodology techniques, including attention to contemporary analysis of fieldwork. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

210A-B Graduate Statistics I, II (4-4). Statistics with emphasis on applications in sociology and anthropology. Examines exploratory uses of statistical tools in these fields as well as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate applications in the context of the general linear model. Prerequisites: graduate standing, consent of instructor. Same as Sociology 221A-B and Social Science 255M-N.

220A Analysis of Quantitative Field Data (4). The uses of quantitative data by field anthropologists and sociologists, including found data (e.g., government censuses and archives), and data from interviews, field censuses, surveys, and systematic elicitation. Hands-on work with existing data. Very elementary statistics and basic computer literacy assumed. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 256L.

221A Family and Life History (4). Interdisciplinary and comparative work in family and life history. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 253A.

222A Analysis of Relational Data (4). A practicum in social networks data analysis focusing on the special problems raised by data sets that embody relations. Log-linear and quadratic assignment procedures are stressed along with multidimensional scaling and other representational models. Prerequisites: graduate standing; consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 201G, 241C, and 256A, and Sociology 225A.

222B Network Theories of Social Structure (4). Explores communicative, social, political, economic, and other flows of behavior using foundational network concepts and measures such as centrality, group, role, pattern, and system. Defines social structure, processes that generate structures, and behavioral consequences of structural rather than individual dispositional properties. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 241B.

222C Interaction Models (4). Human groups can be considered as finite systems of individuals, some of whom interact in pairs. These pairs are used to model such phenomena as clique formation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 241A.

223A Research Design (4). Data collection, organization, and analysis in ethnographic or quasi-experimental settings, including interviewing, participant-observation, behavior observation, and questionnaires. Research design issues include sampling, longitudinal research, and comparative research. Emphasis on the integration of qualitative and quantitative data. Prerequisites: graduate standing; consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 255A and Sociology 220A.

225A Grant and Proposal Writing (4). Focuses on production, critique, and revision of student research proposals. A practical seminar designed to improve student proposals, help students through the application processes, and increase students' chances of obtaining support for their research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 255C.

230A Anthropology and History (4). An examination of the complex, long-standing relationship between anthropology and history. Themes include: history, culture, and colonialism; history and the power to represent; nostalgia and the uses of the past in struggles over "national history." Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 251A.

231A Cognitive Anthropology (4). Cognitive Anthropology studies how people classify, reason, and make decisions in a cultural context. Explores how cultural knowledge is organized, how members of society come to collective understandings of the world, and what variation reveals about how individuals learn. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 252D.

232A Health and Social Relations (4). Comparative approach to health, illness, and curing from a social science perspective. Readings report on health issues in different societies which range from contemporary United States to modern tribespeople from lowland Venezuela. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 252O.

234B Gender and Globalization (4). Teases out gender implications of transformations in global culture and political economy. By examining processes such as globalization of production and investment, spread of religious fundamentalisms, and extension of mass media throughout the world, maps out terrain for future ethnographic and theoretical work. Same as Social Science 254K.

235A Transnational Migration (4). The immigrant experience will be examined in order to explore how specific theoretical issues are examined empirically. These issues include ethnic enclave formation, gendered differences in migration and settlement, class differences, the migration of indigenous groups, identity formation, and issues of representation. Same as Social Science 254A.

237A Anthropology of Power Relations (4). Examines contemporary anthropological research on power relations in societies and cultures experiencing change as a result of increasing incorporation into a world capitalist system. Topics include: ethnicity, gender, migration, hegemony, and resistance. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254C.

238A Social Inequality: Anthropological Perspectives (4). Comparative social inequality over the range of issues to which anthropologists have contributed. Topics include: egalitarian societies, local effects of international political economy, ethnicity, gender, caste, and inequality in peasant and urban industrial populations. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254D.

240A Economic Anthropology (4). Classic and contemporary theory in economic anthropology. Case studies from Latin America (primarily Mexico and the Andes), Africa, and the Pacific. Substantive topics include non-market exchange, markets and marketplaces, households, gender, management of common property (fisheries, pastoral lands, forests), labor, development, and change. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254E.

241A Women and Development (4). Explores questions about the dynamics of gender in processes of economic change, and the related problem of the production of knowledge about "women" and "development," with particular attention to Third World feminist critiques. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 253G.

242A The Politics of Ethnography (4). Explores the way that ethnographies are linked to wider contexts within which they are produced. Through examination of recent critiques of ethnographic writing, and a series of cases, shows how ethnography is bound up with the politics of representation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254F.

243A Cultural Studies and Ethnography (4). Examines, from the standpoint of anthropology, areas of recent innovation in "cultural studies," including studies of popular culture, media, consumption, and sub-cultures. Selected theoretical approaches in these areas are brought into a dialogue with anthropological and ethnographic approaches and methods. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 252F.

244A The Anthropology of Commodities (4). Explores anthropological perspectives on commodities and commodity exchange. Begins with anthropological accounts of exchange in pre-capitalist societies, and moves on to explore: commodification and capitalism; consumer society and the semiotics of consumption; and the implications of contemporary transnational commodity flows. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254G.

245A Seminar in Political Anthropology (4). Explores anthropological approaches to politics. Covers a range of issues and topics, including: theories of culture, power, and hegemony; approaches to colonial and post-colonial relations of global inequality; and ethnographic approaches to the modern state. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254H.

246A Studies in the National Order of Things (4). Examines how "the nation" has come to appear as an inevitable unit of the contemporary political and cultural order and how it shapes orders of knowledge. Themes: nation and gender; nationalism and colonialism; culture and citizenship; violence and racism. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254I.

246B Law, Colonialism, and Nationalism (4). Origins and spread of law in colonial and nationalist contexts: law's role in constituting and policing difference. Recent theoretical approaches; property in things and people; human and indigenous rights; "customary" law; legal foundations of nationalism; resistance to/through law; globalization. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Same as Social Science 254M.

246C Nations, States, and Gender (4). Explores the ways in which nations, nationalism, states, and citizenship are gendered relations and processes. Questions include: How do women construct themselves as political subjects, and how are constructions of citizenship and discourses of rights gendered? Same as Social Science 253Q.

247A Structuralism and Post-Structuralism (4). Traces recent theoretical discussions and arguments over the philosophical and historical "subject" from structuralist decenterings toward the characteristically "post-structuralist" contemporary concern with the historical and political constitution of subjectivities and subject positions. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 252G.

248A Approaches to Globalization (4). Historical and contemporary approaches to the world economy, emphasizing anthropological questions of culture, power, identity, inequality. Examines "neo-imperialism," "late capitalism," accumulation, global markets, urban space, the state, business and policy globalization discourse, "local" responses to and instantiations of the "global." Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254L.

248B Citizenship, Democracy, and Violence (4). Building on the discussion of works which formulate broader hypotheses about the relationship of culture and the control of violence, explores the dynamics of violence under democratic regimes in case studies either in Europe or in the Americas. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254N.

250A The Cultural Politics of Visual Representation (4). Develops a theoretical framework for analyzing and reading visual images. Images, as cultural productions, are steeped in the values, ideologies, and taken-for-granted beliefs of the culture which produced them and a political economy that is class, race, and gender inflected.

259A, B, C Dissertation Writing Seminar (4, 4, 4). Intended for advanced, post-fieldwork Anthropology graduate students. Emphasis on the presentation of research design and results, problems of ethnographic writing, and qualitative and quantitative data and analysis. Prerequisites: post-fieldwork; graduate standing in Anthropology or consent of instructor.

289 Special Topics in Anthropology (4). Special topics vary from quarter to quarter. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

290 Dissertation Research (4 to 12). Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

299 Independent Study (4). Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.