Courses in Psychology

LOWER DIVISION

7A Introduction to Psychology (4) F, W, S, Summer. Weekly topics include human development, memory and problem solving, learning theory, perception, biological mechanisms, emotions and motivation, personality theory, social psychology, and behavior disorders. Students are expected to volunteer for participation in several ongoing laboratory experiments. Formerly Psychology 7. No credit is given for Psychology 7A if it is taken concurrently with or after 9A, 9B, or 9C. (III)

9A-B-C Psychology Fundamentals (4-4-4) F, W, S. A year-long sequence designed to provide freshman Psychology majors with an in-depth survey of general psychology. Topics include biological bases of behavior, sensation, perception, cognition, development, personality, psychopathology, and social psychology. Prerequisite: freshman Psychology major; consent of instructor. No credit is given for Psychology 7A if it is taken concurrently with or after 9A, 9B, or 9C. (III)

10A-B-C Probability and Statistics in Psychology I, II, III (4-4-4). An introduction to probability and statistics. Emphasis on thorough understanding of the probabilistic basis of statistical inference. Examples drawn primarily from psychology. Prerequisite or corequisite for 10A: Psychology 9A. Students who receive credit for Psychology 10A-B-C may not receive credit for Anthropology 10A-B-C, Economics 10A-B-C, Social Ecology 13, Social Science 9A-B-C or 10A-B-C, or Sociology 10A-B-C. (V)

11E Social Psychology of Higher Education (4). Focuses on issues and concerns unique to freshmen enrolled at a major research institution. Theoretical framework for understanding the role of higher education in today's society. The field of research and inquiry from a social/psychological perspective. Critical understanding of key issues. Although designed for freshmen, beneficial for all students. (III)

13T Fundamentals, Pragmatics, and Ethics of Psychological Testing (4). Basic principles of psychological testing including test type, selection, structure, procedure, ethics, cultural factors, and interpretation are presented to better equip potential user, consumer, or interpreter of psychological tests in future personal and professional settings. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A. (III)

21A Adolescent Psychology (4). Focuses on psychosocial dynamics of today's adolescents in America emphasizing the quest for identity, independence, values, and sexual orientation. The influence of society, family, school, and peers is analyzed. Strategies for helping troubled adolescents are discussed. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C. Psychology 21A and Psychology and Social Behavior P114D may not both be taken for credit. (III)

21F Psychology and the Family (4). Examines theories, research, implications, and applications of psychology as they relate to the understanding of family structure, process, development, and change. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C.

23A Principles of Applied Psychology (4). Introduction to the understanding of human functioning through cognitive and behavioral analysis and application. (III)

24A Life-Span Development (4). Combines developmental and clinical psychology concepts to explore major life transition stages and adjustment challenges faced by individuals across the life span. Introductions to personality development and coping adaptively with these changes are covered. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C. Psychology 24A and Psychology and Social Behavior P104 may not both be taken for credit.

46A Introduction to Human Memory (4). Covers the core concepts of modern research and theorizing about human memory, including structural subdivisions (e.g., perceptual memory, short-term memory, long-term memory), different measures of memory (e.g., recall, reorganization), and some practical applications of memory research (e.g., mnemonics). Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C. Psychology 46A may not be taken for credit after Psychology 140M. (III)

55A Introduction to Semiotics (4). How humans and other animals communicate with each other by means of symbols and other signs. The symbols of everyday life, of movies and literature, of religion and society. Symbolic systems and symbolic evolution. Same as Linguistics 80. (III)

56L Acquisition of Language (4). What children say, what they mean, and what they understand. Theories about the learning of language by one-, two-, and three-year olds. Comparison of kinds of data on which these theories are based. Same as Linguistics 51. (III)

73P Primate Societies (4). Surveys the lifeways of non-human primates. Topics include general characteristics of primates, their evolution, geographical distribution, ecology, and social relationships. Special emphasis placed on the adaptive aspects of primate societies and their relevance for understanding humans and the nature of human societies. Same as Anthropology 50A.

76M Language and the Mind (4). The relationship of knowledge of grammar to mental processes and mental representations. How linguistic behavior is rule governed. Same as Linguistics 52.

78A Introduction to Social Psychology (4). Studies sociological contributions to theory and research in social psychology, with focus on the social influences on personality, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior; socialization, human groups, and social interaction. Same as Sociology 31. (III)

89 Special Topics in Lower-Division Psychology (4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

UPPER DIVISION

H101A-B-C Honors Seminar in Psychology I, II, III (4-4-4). Focuses on the research activities and honors thesis research projects of each student and on the research of various Cognitive Sciences faculty. Students discuss their research interests in the early and later stages of their projects. Research projects and write-ups are required. Restricted to students in the Honors Program in Psychology. H101B: Pass/Not Pass only.

RESEARCH METHODS

H111A Honors Experimental Psychology (4) F. Emphasis on design of experiments and analysis of results. Experiments are conducted in laboratory sections. Corequisite: Psychology H111LA. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C; either Psychology 10A-B-C, any other 10A-B-C series in the School of Social Sciences, Social Science 100A-B-C, or Mathematics 2A-B-C. Open only to students in the Honors Program in Psychology or by consent of instructor. Psychology 111A and 112A may not both be taken for credit.

H111LA Honors Experimental Psychology Laboratory (2) F. Corequisite: Psychology H111A.

H111B Honors Advanced Experimental Psychology (4) W. Design and analysis of multivalent, factorial, and correlational studies. Students prepare proposals for independent research. Corequisite: Psychology H111LB. Prerequisite: Psychology H111A or Psychology 112A. Open only to students in the Honors Program in Psychology or by consent of instructor.

H111LB Honors Advanced Experimental Psychology Laboratory (2) W. Corequisite: Psychology H111B.

H111C Honors Research in Experimental Psychology (4) S. Each student conducts a research project in experimental psychology. The projects are discussed in a seminar format. Written reports on each project are submitted at the end of the quarter. Prerequisite: Psychology H111B or 112B. Open only to students in the Honors Program in Psychology or by consent of instructor.

NOTE: Students who wish simply to fulfill the laboratory/research-methods requirement in one quarter should take Psychology 112M or 112P. Students also wishing an opportunity to conduct their own research and fulfill the upper-division writing requirement should take either Psychology 112A-B-C or 112F-G.

112A Experimental Psychology (4) F. Emphasis on design of experiments and analysis of results. Experiments are conducted in laboratory sections. Corequisite: Psychology 112LA. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B-C; Psychology 10A-B-C or any other 10A-B-C series in the School of Social Sciences, Social Science 100A-B-C, Mathematics 2A-B-C, or 2A-B and 7. Only one course from Psychology 111A, 112A, and 112F-G may be taken for credit.

112LA Experimental Psychology Laboratory (2) F. Corequisite: Psychology 112A.

112B Advanced Experimental Psychology (4) W. Design and analysis of multivalent, factorial, and correlational studies. Students prepare proposals for independent research. Corequisite: Psychology 112LB. Prerequisite: Psychology 112A, 112LA. Only one course from Psychology 112B and 112F-G may be taken for credit.

112LB Advanced Experimental Psychology Laboratory (2) W. Corequisite: Psychology 112B.

112C Research in Experimental Psychology (4) S. Each student conducts a research project in experimental psychology. The projects are discussed in a seminar format. Written reports on each project are submitted at the end of the quarter. Prerequisite: Psychology 112B, 112LB. Only one course from Psychology 112C and 112F-G may be taken for credit.

112F-G Behavioral Research (4-4) F, W. A two-quarter introduction to the practice of behavioral research: generating research ideas, finding and reading previous research, research methods, quantifying observations, sampling, drawing inferences from data, and writing up results. Students propose and conduct their own research project with approval. Corequisite: Psychology 112LF-LG. Prerequisites for 112F: Psychology 9A-B-C and one of the following series: Psychology 10A-B-C, or any other 10A-B-C sequence in the School of Social Sciences, or Social Science 100A-B-C, or Mathematics 2A, 2B, 7. Prerequisites for 112G: completion of the lower-division writing requirement and a passing grade in 112F. Only one sequence from Psychology 112F-G and 112A-B-C may be taken for credit. Psychology 112F and 112M may not both be taken for credit. Formerly Psychology 115A-B.

112LF-LG Behavioral Research Laboratory (2-1) F, W. Corequisite: Psychology 112F-G. Formerly Psychology 115LA-LB.

112M Research Methods in Psychology (4) F. Research methods in psychology for majors who wish to fulfill this requirement separately from upper-division writing. Covers both experimental and descriptive research methods, analysis of results, and reading the psychological literature. Research experience is provided in laboratory sections. Corequisite: Psychology 112LM. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B-C; Psychology 10A-B-C or any other 10A-B-C series in the School of Social Sciences, Social Science 100A-B-C, or Mathematics 2A-B and 7. Psychology 112M and 112F may not both be taken for credit. May not be taken for credit after completion of any other Psychology 112 course.

112LM Research Methods in Psychology Laboratory (2) F. Corequisite: Psychology 112M.

112P Research in Perception and Psychophysics (4). Introduction to design and practice of experiments: students perform auditory, visual, tactile, or other experiments. Emphasis on methodology, finding and reading previous research, generating research ideas, statistical analysis. Students propose and conduct their own final research project with approval. Corequisite: Psychology 112LP. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B-C; Psychology 10A-B-C or any other 10A-B-C series in the School of Social Sciences, Social Science 100A-B-C, or Mathematics 2A-B and 7; Psychology 130A.

112LP Research in Perception and Psychophysics Laboratory (2). Corequisite: Psychology 112P.

113T Introduction to Psychological Tests and Measurements (4). Principles of psychological measurement, including elementary psychophysics, psychometrics, test theory, and the measurement of abilities, attitudes, traits, and interests. Reliability and validity of psychological measurements. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C; Psychology 10A or any other 10A course in the School of Social Sciences or equivalent.

114A Informal and Formal Reasoning (4). Examines human reasoning, focusing on scientific argument and elementary logic. Involves the translation of informal arguments from everyday language into logic. Specific feedback allows students to pace themselves through this computer-assisted course. Weekly informal classroom discussions.

114C Computers and Psychology (4). Introduction to computer applications in applied and research psychology, including automated psychological assessment, diagnosis, prescription developments, artificial intelligence applications, and "expert systems." Prerequisite: Psychology 112A, 112F, 112M, or 112P.

114I Interactive Computer Graphics (4). An introduction to the background and skills necessary to construct and animate complex virtual reality environments. Prerequisites: acquaintance with elementary linear algebra and an ability to program in C++. Concurrent with Psychology 240A.

114M MATLAB Programming (4). MATLAB is a mathematical software package for solving quantitative problems often encountered in experimental psychology. Topics include rudiments of programming, statistical analysis of data, matrix algebra, signal processing, graphic visualization, and simulated models of cognitive and perceptual processes. Concurrent with Psychology 235M.

114P Vision, Visualization, and Computer Graphics (4). More than one-half of the human brain is devoted to processing visual information. This course provides an overview of visual processing, visualization, and computer graphics, and also introduces elementary concepts in linear algebra and in linear systems. Prerequisites: Mathematics 2A, Psychology 9B, Information and Computer Science 21, or similar courses recommended.

116 Research Methods in Cognitive Development (4). Introduces students of cognitive psychology to experimental design, the laboratory techniques, and the data analysis employed in studies with very young subjects. Specific paradigms vary each quarter. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

119 Special Topics in Research Methodologies (1 to 4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

120A Abnormal Psychology (4). Introduction to psychopathology and behavioral deviations, and the concepts of theories regarding these conditions. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9C. Psychology 120A and Psychology and Social Behavior P105 may not both be taken for credit.

120D Developmental Psychology (4). A general introduction to the study of the physical, intellectual, social, and emotional development of the child from birth to adulthood. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A. Psychology 120D and either Psychology and Social Behavior P104, P106, or P113D may not both be taken for credit.

120H History of Psychology (4). A history of the development of various schools and systems of psychological thought. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C or consent of instructor.

120P Personality Theories (4). A survey of the evolution of personality theory during this century. An overview of major perspectives in the field, with special attention to Freud, Jung, and Adler. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9C. Psychology 120P and Psychology and Social Behavior P144C may not both be taken for credit.

121A Creative Learning in Children (4) F, W, S. Seminar, two hours; field work, six hours. Students assist in teaching children at the Farm School, recording and studying their interactions with the children, and developing materials for use in the School. The Farm School is ungraded; the children range in age from five to twelve. Open to students in any major. May be taken for credit three times.

121M Theories of Motivation (4). Factors affecting the behavioral performance of organisms. A survey of theoretical and empirical approaches to the physiological, psychological, and social factors which generate behavior. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C.

121S Psychology of Sleep and Dreaming (4). Covers the physiology, neurochemistry, and neuroanatomy associated with sleep, contemporary sleep theory, REM and NREM, phenomenology, sleep disorders, examination of differences between conscious and unconscious cognitive function, the history of sleep and dream theories from ancient time to present day.

121T A History of Psychoanalytic Thought (4). A survey of psychoanalytic thought from its origins in shamanistic healing through the discovery of a dynamic unconscious and beyond. Includes psychoanalytic hypotheses, developments, transformations, and influences on various aspects of Western culture and society, including art and literature. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C; upper-division standing.

122I Organizational/Industrial Psychology (4). Introduction to applied psychology in organizations, including personnel testing, selection, training and evaluation, job and classification analysis, job satisfaction and motivation, organizational development, leadership, market research and consumer psychology. Potential ethical problems are discussed.

128 Trends in Psychology (0). Explores current trends in different fields of psychology. Two units of workload credit. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Pass/Not Pass only. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

129 Special Topics in General Psychology (1 to 4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

PERCEPTION AND SENSORY PROCESSES

130A Perception and Sensory Processes (4). A general introduction to the scientific study of sensory processes and perceptual phenomena, with special emphasis on the visual system. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B or consent of instructor. Psychology 130A may not be taken for credit if taken after 131A or 131B.

131A Vision (4). Visual perception and the anatomy and physiology of the visual system. Topics include: the retina and the visual pathway; visual sensitivity; color vision; spatial vision; motion perception; and the development of the visual system. Psychology 130A may not be taken for credit if taken after 131A. Same as Biological Sciences 182.

131B Hearing (4). Auditory perception, the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system, and the physics of sound. Topics include: neural transduction of sound, sensitivity, sound localization, complex sound perception, and hearing loss. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B-C; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Psychology 130A may not be taken for credit if taken after 131B.

131C Advanced Perception and Sensory Process (4). A continuation of Psychology 131A and 131B. In-depth study of selected topics, emphasizing the way questions in sensory and perceptual research are formulated and pursued. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B-C; Psychology 131A and 131B or consent of instructor.

133P Advanced Topics in Visual Perception (4). Topics in vision related to ophthalmology and optometry. Course for students considering a career in eye care. Prerequisites: upper-division standing; Psychology 130A or consent of instructor.

134A Human Attention (4). Reviews and discusses methods of research, current data, and current theories in the field of human attention. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C.

134R Visual Attention Research (2). Review and discussion of current research on the role of attention in the perception of visual patterns. Experiments are designed, run, and analyzed. Students have the option of participating as subjects or writing a term paper. Prerequisites: upper-division standing; Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C; consent of instructor.

135D Perceptual Development (4). Human perceptual development is examined from birth through childhood with emphasis on localization, discrimination, and pattern recognition abilities in vision and audition. The role of perceptual development in cognition is evaluated. Prerequisites: Psychology 130A and upper-division standing.

137 Genetics of Sensory and Cognitive Processes (4). Introduction to genetic bases of sensory and cognitive functions. Mutations affecting vision, hearing, learning, and memory in animal model systems. General and specific cognitive abilities and failures in humans. Environmental effects on gene regulation, origin of new functions, and quantitative genetics. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B-C or consent of instructor.

139 Special Topics in Perception and Sensory Processes (4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

LEARNING AND COGNITION

140C Cognitive Science (4). Introduction to investigations of the structure and function of the mind, from viewpoints of computation, neuroscience, philosophy, and cognitive psychology. Topics include: perception, attention, knowledge representations, learning and memory, action, reasoning, and language. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9B.

140L Principles of Learning Theory (4). Investigation of the learning and memory processes of humans and animals. Basic experimental approaches to learning and memory, empirical results, and theoretical interpretations of the evidence are discussed. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A.

140M Human Memory (4). Developments in the area of memory; history of memory research; theories of the nature of memory. Visual memory, recognition memory, high-speed scanning, free recall, short-term memory, mnemonics, retrieval, relationship of memory to thinking. Selected theoretical formulations for memory. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9B; when offered for upper-division writing, additional prerequisite is satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement. Psychology 46A may not be taken for credit after Psychology 140M.

141A Education and Adolescents (4). Students tutor young adolescents in an educational setting and reflect on their experiences by documenting events and analyzing them. Pass/Not Pass only. May be taken for credit three times.

141D Cognitive Development (4). An analysis of intellectual development from birth through maturity. Mechanisms of cognitive growth from Piagetian and current information processing theories are examined. Recent research on developmental changes in concept formation, knowledge structures, memory skills, and problem-solving strategies is presented. Prerequisites: Psychology 120D and upper-division standing. Psychology 141D and Psychology and Social Behavior P120D may not both be taken for credit.

142I Psychology of Learning, Abilities, and Intelligence (4). Overview of classic positions on the mind, human abilities, and intelligence, especially as related to academic achievement. Contrasting views: psychometric versus information processing; experimental versus correlational research. Prerequisite: introductory course in psychology, or consent of instructor. Same as Education 176.

143D Choice and Decision Models (4). Introduction to some of the main concepts in the study of individual decision making. The interplay of empirical observation and mathematical theory is emphasized. Prerequisites: elementary mathematical formalism, including sets, relations, functions, and basic concepts of probability. Concurrent with Psychology 212.

143H Human Factors (4). The application of knowledge of human characteristics to the design of equipment, facilities, and environments for human use. Research on attention, perception, learning, and decision-making are applied to problems involving aviation, space, highway safety, industrial safety, consumer products, human-computer interaction, and aging. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C.

143P Human Problem Solving (4). Modern developments in the psychology of human problem solving. Topics include: concept identification, arithmetic, sets, logic puzzles, story problems, group problem solving, chess, and theorem proving. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C.

143R Psychology of Reading (4). Surveys the major components of skilled reading and the determinants of successful reading acquisition. Examination of contemporary models of skilled reading. Focuses on models of the development of reading. Research on the causes of developmental dyslexia. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C; Psychology 140C or Linguistics 150A; satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement. Same as Linguistics 157. Concurrent with Psychology 215 and Linguistics 257.

145B Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (4). How the brain and behavior change as a result of experience, with an emphasis on identifying the neurochemical processes through which memory is stored and the parts of the brain that are involved. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 35 or 110. Same as Biological Sciences 158.

145P-Q-R Attention and Learning Deficits in Children I, II, III (4-4-4). Learning in normal and attention-deficit disordered children. Covers the normal developmental course of learning and a variety of deficits. Includes field work with attention-deficit disordered children. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

146D Human Memory Disorders (4). Focuses on models and methods of assessing human memory and its disorders. Exposure to conventional and new assessment devices provided. Prerequisite: Psychology 46A or consent of instructor.

149 Special Topics in Cognition and Learning (4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

SEMIOTICS AND LANGUAGE

154C Foundations of Communication (4). The logical and semiotic foundations of communication and signification. Same as Linguistics 184.

155A Introduction to Cognitive Semiotics (4). Symbols and their webs. The foundation course in cognitive semiotics, comprising an introduction both from the philosophical standpoint represented by Peirce and from the linguistic standpoint represented by Dalgarno and Saussure. Current cognitive developments are studied. Same as Linguistics 180.

155H History of Semiotic Theory (4). The history of semiotic theory from Aristotle through the Greek and Roman Stoics and St. Augustine to Peirce and the present. The seventeenth-century obsession with the creation of a "universal and philosophical language" is treated. Prerequisite: Psychology 155A. A reading knowledge of Greek and/or Latin is very helpful. Same as Linguistics 181.

155I Cognitive Iconics (4). The study of writing systems (alphabets, runes, Mayan and Egyptian hieroglyphics) and their evolution and modern changes introduced spontaneously through "mistakes," with a view toward exploring aspects of the human mind. Same as Linguistics 182.

155T Semiotic Theory of Writing Systems (4). Ancient and modern writing systems, ranging from Sumerian pictographs through Egyptian and Mayan hieroglyphs to the Phoenician alphabet and its modern descendants (including our own). Distinctive traits of written language (what can be written that cannot be said?), and issues distinguishing hand-execution from eye-recognition. Prerequisite: Linguistics 10. Same as Linguistics 183.

156A Psychology of Language (4). Examines modern research in psycholinguistics. Focuses on theoretical issues and empirical findings in brain-language research, speech perception, speech production, sentence processing, lexical access, language acquisition, and reading development. Same as Linguistics 150.

156B Language and the Brain (4) W. Analysis of current research on the biological bases of human linguistic capacity. Development, focusing on hemispheric specialization and plasticity; localization of specific linguistic functions in adults, with emphasis on study of aphasias; relation of linguistic capacity to general cognitive capacity, considering research on retardation. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 35 or 110, or consent of instructor. Same as Linguistics 158 and Biological Sciences 160.

157A Linguistic Theories as Psychological Theories (4). Examines the claim that a central foundational tenet of contemporary linguistics is that linguistic theories are a type of psychological theory pertaining to the nature of human knowledge and language. Critical discussion from linguistic, psychological, and philosophical perspectives. Prerequisites: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C, or Linguistics 3. Same as Linguistics 152.

159 Special Topics in Semiotics and Language (1 to 4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

160A-B-C Cognitive Neuroscience I, II, III (4-4-4). Explores the neural basis of human perceptual, motor, and cognitive abilities. 160A: Introduction to cognitive neuroscience, functional brain imaging, neuropsychological disorders, and the neural basis of higher cognitive functions such as memory, language, and attention. 160B: Neuroanatomy/physiology, neuroscience methods, neural basis of perception. 160C: Motor control, plasticity, development and aging, psychopathology. Prerequisites: Psychology 9A-B or Biological Sciences 35, or consent of instructor. Concurrent with Psychology 260A-B.

169 Special Topics in Cognitive Neuroscience (4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

173A Psychological Anthropology (4). Cultural differences and similarities in personality and behavior. Child-rearing practices and consequent adult personality characteristics; biocultural aspects of child development and attachment; evolutionary models of culture and behavior; politically linked personality; cognitive anthropology; psychology of narrative forms; comparative national character studies. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C, or Anthropology 2A. Same as Anthropology 132A.

174A Asian American Psychology (4). Examines the social and psychological concerns of Asian Americans, e.g., coping with racial prejudice, maintaining bicultural identities, dealing with cross-cultural conflicts in interracial relationships, and trying to reconcile generational differences between immigrant parents and their American-born children. Same as Asian American Studies 141. (VII-A)

174B Social Psychology of African-American Families (4). Social psychological analysis of African-American families from an Afro-centric perspective with examination of historical and contemporary factors which affect their structure and functioning and the psychosocial development of family members. Issues and challenges in the twenty-first century. (VII-A)

174C Adolescent Psychology in Urban American Society (4). Psychosocial dynamics of adolescents in American society; their ongoing quest for identity, independence, values, moral and cognitive development, peer group relationships, sexuality and sex role preference. Analysis of power struggle between adolescent subcultures and institutions of dominant society.

174D Adolescent Psychological Disorders (4). Examines how predictable internal and external adolescent conflicts involving self, family, society become intensified until a breakdown in coping pattern occurs. Specific syndromes indicative of increased adolescent stress as well as major psychological, social, and psychiatric treatment approaches are discussed. Prerequisites: senior standing; Psychology or Social Ecology majors only; one previous course in adolescent psychology.

174E Psychology of the African-American (4). Historical overview of the development of Black psychology and the African-American frame of reference. Topics include personality development, psychological assessment, issues in education, Black mental health, and the role of the African-American psychologist in the community. (VII-A)

174F Chicano/Latino Psychology (4). Examines research and literature investigating Chicano/Latino ethnicity as a variable influencing behavior. Explores mental health needs and issues of Chicano/Latinos and discusses competent, sensitive methods of mental health service delivery. Prerequisite: Psychology 7A or 9A-B-C. Same as Chicano/Latino Studies 145. (VII-A)

176A Political Psychology (4). Examination of how psychological theory and research may be used to better understand political thought and behavior. Drawing on theories of learning, cognition, and personality, discusses such topics as the formation of political attitudes, the process of political decision-making, and the nature of political leadership. Same as Political Science 128A.

178D Deviance (4). Perspectives on deviance and criminality in behavior, institution, community, and myth. The suitability of contemporary theories of deviant behavior. Open to majors only. Same as Sociology 156 and Criminology, Law and Society J107.

178N Social Psychology of Networks (4). Review of network methods used in small group and organizational research. Discussion of social psychological literature relevant to the network study of cognitive social structure, exchange and communication, identity negotiation, and social control. Case study of network datasets exemplifies research issues. Same as Sociology 135.

179 Special Topics in Interdisciplinary Studies (1 to 4). Prerequisites vary. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

190 Senior Thesis (4-4-4). In progress grading. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

197A-Z Field Study (4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

198A-Z Directed Group Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

199 Independent Study (1 to 4). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Students may enroll in only one 199 per quarter. May be repeated for credit as topic varies.

GRADUATE

201A-B-C Cognitive Sciences Research Seminar (1.3-1.3-1.4) F, W, S. Weekly reports and colloquia by faculty, students, and visitors. Prerequisite: admission to graduate program in Cognitive Sciences or consent of instructor.

202A-B-C Proseminar in the Cognitive Sciences (4-4-4) F, W, S. Year-long intensive introduction to the conceptual foundations and basic research results in the cognitive sciences for first-year graduate students. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

203A Discrete Mathematics and Probability (4). Logic and set theory are covered during the first three weeks, using an interactive computer system. The remaining seven weeks are devoted to probability theory and cover elementary concepts from samples spaces to Chebychev's Inequality and the moment generating function. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

203B Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (4). An introduction to statistical estimation and statistical inference. Topics include sufficiency and the Rao-Blackwell Theorem, completeness and the Lehmann-Scheffe Theorem. The method of maximum likelihood is explored in some detail. Inference in linear models covers regression and analysis of variance.

203C Experimental Design (4). Discussion of the logic of experimental design and inferential statistics. Presentation of mathematical ideas from behind analyses of variance and covariance, analysis of counted data; main emphasis on research applications rather than mathematical formulations. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

212 Choice and Decision Models (4). An introduction to some of the main concepts in the study of individual decision making. The interplay of empirical observation and mathematical theory is emphasized. Prerequisites: elementary mathematical formalism, including sets, relations, functions, and basic concepts of probability. Concurrent with Psychology 143D.

215 Psychology of Reading (4). Surveys the major components of skilled reading and the determinants of successful reading acquisition. Examination of contemporary models of skilled reading. Focuses on models of the development of reading. Research on the causes of developmental dyslexia. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Linguistics 257. Concurrent with Psychology 143R and Linguistics 157.

229 Special Topics in Human Cognition (4). Current research in brain/ behavior relationships, human memory, and learning theory will be presented. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

233A-B-C Observer Theory I, II, III (4-4-4). Provides framework for mathematical analysis of perception/cognition and its relation to the physical world. Permits a unified treatment of perceptual and physical interactions and lays the foundation for a nondualistic, nonreductionistic science. Mathematical aspects include a study of Markovian dynamic systems. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Mathematics 216A-B-C.

234A-B Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes I, II (4-4). Mathematical models of various cognitive processes developed since 1960, including learning, memory, perception, psycholinguistics, and problem solving. Models are formulated in different mathematical languages: calculus, algebra, logic, probability, and computer. Difficulties in testing and validating models discussed. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

235M MATLAB Programming (4). MATLAB is a mathematical software package for solving quantitative problems often encountered in experimental psychology. Topics include rudiments of programming, statistical analysis of data, matrix algebra, signal processing, graphic visualization, and simulated models of cognitive and perceptual processes. Concurrent with Psychology 114M.

236 Multivariate Time Series Analysis (4). Introduces multivariate time series analysis theory and methods emphasizing computational methods in spectral analysis, autoregressive modeling, information theory, principal and independent components analysis, and nonlinear dynamics. Applications to human neuroimaging data are extensively discussed. Prerequisite: Psychology 235M or equivalent.

239 Special Topics in Methodology and Models (4). Current research in cognitive sciences methodologies, concepts, and models are presented. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Formerly Psychology 249.

240A Interactive Computer Graphics (4). An introduction to the background and skills necessary to construct and animate complex virtual reality environments. Prerequisites: acquaintance with elementary linear algebra and an ability to program in C++. Concurrent with Psychology 114I.

240B Virtual Reality: Immersion and Interaction (4). An introduction to the techniques of position tracking, motion capture, force feedback, and haptics necessary to make virtual environments immersive and interactive. Prerequisite: Psychology 240A.

240C Virtual Reality: Research Applications (4). An in-depth examination of the application of virtual reality techniques in a variety of research areas. Students implement a large-scale virtual reality project. Prerequisite: Psychology 240B.

249 Special Topics in Virtual Reality (4). Current research in virtual reality techniques, principles, and concepts. Topics will vary. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

251 Human Factors (4). An introduction to the field of human factors for graduate students in cognitive sciences and related fields. Focuses on relationships between basic research in cognitive psychology and the study of human performance in a variety of environments. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

252 Human Response Times (4) S. Explores conceptual issues concerning response times and response accuracy in information processing models. Focuses on models and methodology; theoretical questions are also addressed. Prerequisites: differential and integral calculus, introductory probability; graduate standing or consent of instructor.

254 Human Information Processing (4). Detailed introduction to speed-accuracy tradeoff experimental procedures; speed-accuracy tradeoff issues; quantitative modeling of temporal aspects of human information processing. Prerequisite: graduate standing or Honors Program in Psychology undergraduate with consent of instructor.

260A-B Cognitive Neuroscience I, II (4-4). Explores the neural basis of human perceptual, motor, and cognitive abilities. 260A: Introduction to cognitive neuroscience, functional brain imaging, neuropsychological disorders, and the neural basis of higher cognitive functions such as memory, language, and attention. 260B: Neuroanatomy/physiology, neuroscience methods, neural basis of perception. Concurrent with Psychology 160A-B.

265A-B-C Introduction to Functional MRI (4). Describes the fundamentals of imaging the human brain function using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). 265A: Basic physics and data acquisition. 265B: Experimental design and analysis. 265C: Acquisition and analysis laboratory.

269 Special Topics in Human Performance (1.3 to 4). Current research in the human issue involved with sensation, perception, and cognition. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

271A, B, C Perception Seminar (1.3, 1.3, 1.4). Participants, who include faculty interested in auditory and visual perception/psychophysics, along with interested graduate students, make research presentations and discuss current publications. The seminar also serves as a forum for presentations by visiting researchers. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only.

274 Physiological Bases of Visual Perception (4). Covers visual perception and the anatomy of physiology of the visual system. Topics include: the retina and visual pathway; visual sensitivity; color vision; spatial vision; motion perception; and development of the visual system. Prerequisites: graduate standing, consent of instructor.

289 Special Topics in Sensation and Perception (1.3 to 4). Current research in the reception and processing of visual and auditory stimuli presented. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

290 Dissertation Research (4 to 12). Prerequisites: consent of instructor, graduate standing, psychology major only. May be repeated for credit.

299 Individual Study (4). Prerequisites: consent of instructor, graduate standing. May be repeated for credit.