SOCIAL ECOLOGY

200 Seminar in Social Ecology (4). Students are introduced to the classic and contemporary literature of human and social ecology and are expected to use the ecological paradigm to analyze social phenomena of interest to the differing subprograms.

201 Research Methods (4). In-depth analysis of the conceptualization of research and the design of appropriate research strategies. Topics covered are experimental design, questionnaire and interview construction, and observation techniques. Prerequisite: previous course work in statistics.

254 Research Design and Data Analysis (4). Examines the practical implications of linkages between research methods and data analysis. Considers the underlying assumptions of common statistical procedures (e.g., regression and ANOVA analysis) and how certain methodological choices can render their usage questionable.

261 Strategies of Theory Development (4). The goals are (1) to examine key issues and controversies facing the development of social ecological theory, and (2) to encourage students to develop their own abilities as theorists. Strategies for enhancing creative hypothesis formation are emphasized.

264A-B Data Analysis (4). Provides an appreciation and understanding of statistics necessary to conduct applied research. Topics include approaches to and presentation of data, robust statistics, standardization techniques, multivariate regression, and analysis of variance. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

266A Structural Equation Modeling (4). The general structural equation model is developed including path models, recursive and nonrecursive structural models, multiple indicator models, and confirmatory factor models. Use of LISREL and other software for estimating model parameters is covered. Prerequisites: Social Ecology 264A-B or consent of instructor.

266B Applied Logistic Regression (4). Develops statistical models to be used where the dependent variable is dichotomous. Applications to be considered include cohort and ease-control analyses. Prerequisites: Social Ecology 264A-B or consent of instructor.

266C Analysis of Statistical Power (4). Statistical power is a crucial aspect of hypothesis testing. Students learn how to interpret statistical power; how to calculate statistical power for most common designs; and how to design experiments and quasi-experiments to optimize power. Prerequisites: Social Ecology 264A-B; and graduate standing or consent of instructor.

266D Analysis of Survival Data (4). Provides an introduction to survival analysis methods for the analysis of change in discrete dependent variables. Focuses on data collection strategies for obtaining longitudinal data and continuous-time hazards models. Communicates the variety and power of multivariate hazard models.

275 Special Topics in Social Ecology (2 to 4). Topics covered vary with interests of the instructor. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

290A Descriptive Multivariate Statistics I (4). Lecture, four hours; laboratory, two hours. Mathematical tools to organize and illuminate the multivariate methods. Multiple regression analysis. Multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Statistical computing via MDS(x), DMDP, and SPSS. Students must enroll in the laboratory section which meets on Wednesdays. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory grading only. Prerequisite: Social Sciences 100A-B-C or equivalent. Same as Information and Computer Science 238A, Social Science 201A, and Management 290X.

290B Applied Multivariate Statistics (4). Lecture, four hours; laboratory, two hours. Presentation of the principle methods of multivariate statistics including criteria for appropriate use and the interpretation of resulting measurements. Computer exercises are used to demonstrate concepts. Prerequisites: Social Ecology 290A. Same as Information and Computer Science 238B, Management 290Y, and Social Science 201B.

290C Sampling Techniques and Estimation Methods (4). Review of confidence interval estimates derived from simple random samples followed by presentation of techniques for improving precision of sample-generated estimates that take account of realistic issues. Methods for dealing with bias and nonsampling errors. Prerequisite: Social Ecology 166A-B-C or equivalent. Same as Social Science 201C and Management 290.

291 Program Evaluation (4). Students are introduced to the use of research techniques and statistical methods in assessing the effectiveness of social programs. Different evaluative models are discussed using examples of actual program evaluations. Prerequisites: Social Ecology 201 and two quarters of graduate-level statistics. Intended for students in the Ph.D. program.

295 Master's Thesis Research and Writing (4 to 8). Prerequisite: advancement to candidacy. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only.

296 Doctoral Dissertation Research and Writing (4 to 12). Prerequisite: advancement to candidacy. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only.

297 Field Studies (2 to 4) F, W, S

298 Directed Studies (2 to 4) F, W, S

299 Independent Study (2 to 8) F, W, S. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

399 University Supervised Teaching (2 to 4) F, W, S. Required of and limited to Teaching Assistants. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory only.

CRIMINOLOGY, LAW AND SOCIETY

C207 Development Control Law and Policy (4). Investigates legal and institutional frameworks for development control. Review of constitutional issues implicated in land-use regulation. Traces development control historically and analyzes contemporary approaches to land-use control which reflect environmental and economic development concerns. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Same as Urban and Regional Planning U207.

C210 Introduction to Criminology, Law and Society (4). Familiarizes students with the interrelated fields of criminology, law and society studies, and criminal justice studies. Organized around three well-established interdisciplinary literatures: criminology, sociolegal studies, and criminal justice studies. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C211 Legal Institutions and Society (4). Acquaints students with the institutions of U.S. legal system and its operations, as well as with the constitutional framework undergirding this system, and defines the relationship between U.S. citizens and government at a variety of levels. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C212 Police, Courts, and Corrections (4). Focuses on basic policy issues in the administration of the criminal justice system. The key elements of the criminal justice system are police, courts, and corrections. Prepares students for continued study of these organizations. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C213 Crime and Social Deviance (4). Examines the major social scientific perspectives on criminal and deviant behavior. Specific deviant and criminal activities are described and explained using established theoretical frameworks. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C214 Research Methods (4) Structures research methodology, the approach to developing and evaluating knowledge of the sciences for use in criminal justice professional activities. Special emphasis on differentiating scientific approaches from pseudo-science. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C215 Applied Statistics (4). Provides a basis for the use of fundamental statistical analysis techniques for solving public policy and management problems through a series of assignments, examinations, and online discussions and demonstrations. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C216 Public Policy, Crime, and Criminal Justice (4). Increases understanding of crime, violence, and the criminal justice system. Assesses the state of knowledge on key policy issues of our time. Discusses the contribution of communities, schools, employment, drugs, guns, and alcohol to crime and violence. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C217 Leadership (4). Introduces concepts, ideas, and theories about leadership and its operation. Explores leadership concepts through interviews with leaders from the community and fellow classmates. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C218 Social Problems, Law, and Policy (4). Capstone course for the M.A.S. program in Criminology, Law and Society. Students choose a social problem related to crime, criminal justice, and law; relate the problem to legal and social issues; and devise a plan of action to research the problem. Open to M.A.S. students only.

C219 Hate Crime (4). Examines the causes, manifestations, and consequences of hate crimes, as well as the larger social context within which they occur, are reacted to, and seem to be proliferating. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C220 Law, Violence, and Human Rights (4). Examines how adequately law and liberal theories of the state recognize, explain, and delegitimize political violence, particularly the violence committed by states. Addresses theories of the state within which human rights law is embedded, the ethnographics of violence, the legal use of force. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C221 Sentencing and Corrections (4). Reviews U.S. attempts to punish and rehabilitate convicted law violators. Conflicts among major purposes of sentencing (rehabilitation, deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution) are discussed, as well as effects of different sanctions on public safety, offender rehabilitation, and justice system costs. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C222 Street Ethnography (4). Focuses on urban street populations, especially gangs, and outlines some of the major conceptual and theoretical issues related to this topic and the processes of street socialization. Methods of inquiry include mapping, ethnohistory, survey questionnaires, and other quantitative techniques. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C223 Introduction to Spatial Analysis and Statistics (4). Provides an introduction to and overview of the applications of spatial data analysis techniques in empirical social science research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C224 Organizational Perspectives on the Legal System (4). Familiarizes students with organization theory and research as ways to make sense of, navigate, and act on the legal system. Acquaints students with major frameworks in organization theory and their application to the system of legal organizations. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C230 Crime and Public Policy (4). Discusses the measurement of violent crime; violent offenders and their victims; theoretical explanations of violence; the contribution of the media, drugs, guns, and alcohol to violence; and how the justice system treats and punishes violent offenders. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C232 Juvenile Delinquency (4). Examines the major theoretical perspectives regarding the onset, persistence, and desistance of juvenile delinquency and examines empirical evidence for each perspective. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C235 Theories of Crime (4). Examines classical and contemporary theories of crime and crime control by focusing on various explanations for why select types of conduct are categorized and treated as criminal, as well as why people engage in criminal behavior. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C236 Gender and Power in Law and Society (4). Focuses on questions of gender and sexuality in law and society studies. Drawing on a variety of theoretical frameworks, especially feminist legal theory, examines social processes and structures related to legal regulation, inequality, and social change. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C237 Legal Reasoning (4). Examines the leading theoretical and philosophical approaches to jurisprudence and legal reasoning; introduces primary print and electronic sources of legal data and basic legal research techniques. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C238 White-Collar Crime (4). Examines the illegal behavior of individuals who commit crimes in the course of their employment. Special attention will be paid to ways in which power and organizational structure affect the behavior of the white-collar offenders. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C239 Law and Society (4). Discusses the major schools in the sociology of law from the early years to the present. Addresses the differences among the schools and locates them in their historical and intellectual context. Presents case studies, comparing the utility of these theoretical traditions. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C244 Miscarriage of Justice (4). Systematically describes, explains, analyzes, and evaluates the causes and consequences of the wrongful prosecution, conviction, incarceration, and sometimes even execution, of the innocent in the American criminal justice system. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C245 Social Science and the Legal Process (4). Examines social science methods for understanding and affecting the legal process. Emphasizes a current legal issue. The class provides, through its research and legal analysis, input into the adjudication of the issue under consideration. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C248 Geographic Information Systems (4). Prepares students to become proficient interactive users of GIS within organizations. Areas covered include: basic geographic, cartographic, and GIS concepts; five steps for learning substantive and procedural materials; and experience with the leading GIS software, geographic base map files, and databases. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C249 Law and Morality (4). Examines major theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented research related to the design, implementation, and analysis of government intervention, through the criminal sanction, in the spheres of vice and morality. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C251 Qualitative Criminological Analysis (4). Examines issues and strategies involved in the collection and analysis of qualitative data. Application of qualitative research methods with respect to criminology, law and society. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

C252 Issues in Environmental Law and Policy (4). Treatment of legal and policy strategies for promoting environmental protection and deterring environmental degradation within the context of other societal objectives. Topical approach with a focus on problems of special interest to criminologists and to environmental policy specialists. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Urban and Regional Planning U252.

C255 Public Policy (4). Explores different approaches to public policy analysis, the diverse conceptions of the goals and objectives that should be served by policy, and the appropriate role of the policy analyst. Policy consequences are traced to indirect and subtle incentives and disincentives. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Urban and Regional Planning U221 and Political Science 221A.

C264 Eyewitness Testimony (4). Examines the evidence that shows that faulty eyewitness memory is the major cause of wrongful convictions. Explores what the legal system thinks of eyewitness testimony and how the legal system has dealt with eyewitness issues. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Psychology and Social Behavior P264.

C265 Memory and the Law (4). Examines the controversial topic of repressed memory, or perception and memory of real-world events. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Psychology and Social Behavior P265.

C275 Special Topics in Criminology, Law and Society (4). Topics covered vary with interests of instructor. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

C276 Social Deviance (4). Provides an in-depth examination of the field of social deviance. Major perspectives are examined in relation to policy issues concerning causation and control of deviant behavior. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, SCIENCE, AND POLICY

E205 Coastal Ecosystem Health (4). Examines the causes of coastal ecosystem degradation and strategies to restore the ecosystem balance or to prevent further coastal ecosystem health degradation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 275.

E224 Environmental Health Sciences I: Introduction to Environmental Health Science (4). Presents environmental health science from a historical perspective. Legislative, social, and cultural policy outcomes of various environmental episodes are discussed, including disciplines interfacing with environmental health science. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Formerly E225.

E225 Environmental Health Sciences II: Advanced Environmental Health Science (4). Explores the complex relationships among exposure processes and adverse health effects of environmental toxins focusing on specific chemicals, sources, transport media, exposure pathways, and human behaviors. Techniques of environmental sampling for exposure assessment are discussed. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Formerly E224.

E226 Environmental Health Sciences III: Epidemiology (4). Presents descriptive and experimental approaches to the recognition of the causal association of disease in the general population, as these approaches apply to populations using different student designs and models from the literature. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E227 Environmental Health Sciences V: Biostatistics (4). Designed to help students develop an appreciation for the statistician's view of the research process, emphasizing biomedical research. Instills an understanding of how statistical models are used to yield insights about the data that form evidence-based understanding of the world around us. Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor.

E228 Public Health Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (4). Examines using cost-effectiveness information to allocate limited resources to maximize health benefits to a population; defining and measuring cost, survival, and health-related quality of life; and how to calculate cost-effectiveness using decision trees and Markov simulation models. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Psychology and Social Behavior P228 and Planning, Policy, and Design U226.

E230 Environmental Hydrology (4). Provides an overview of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water in the environment. Quantitative methods are introduced for analyzing hydrologic processes. Human impacts on water distribution and quality are considered. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E231 Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard (4). Provides an overview of earthquakes and introduction to seismic hazard. Topics include characteristics and effects of earthquakes, sources of earthquakes, seismic hazard assessment, introduction to earthquake loss estimation and mitigation. California examples are emphasized. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E232 Seminar in Paleoseismology (4). Provides an introduction to paleoseismology and its applications. Topics include data collection methods, data analysis, earthquakes in different tectonic environments, and applications to seismic hazard assessment and fault characterization. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E245 Health Impacts of Environmental Change (4). Seminar on health impacts of environmental change at various scales of analysis. Uses numerical models such as "MIASMA" and "TARGETS" to analyze alternative outcomes of environmental-change scenarios. Presentations from experts are featured. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E250 Cancer Epidemiology (4). Concentrates on understanding how epidemiology plays a role in the search for cancer etiology, prevention, control, and treatment; gives an overview of cancer research with an appreciation of the multidisciplinary nature of the field. Prerequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E226.

E251 Genetic Epidemiology (4). Concentrates on the role of genetic factors in the etiology of disease in human populations with an objective of disease control and prevention, and the role of interactions of genetic factors and environmental exposures in the occurrence of disease. Prerequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E226.

E252 Ecological Modeling (4). Introduces students to the basic principles of modeling, and demonstrates the complex temporal and spatial relationships found in environmental science. Lectures and readings survey the broadest possible range of mathematical models found in the environmental-ecological literature. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E253 Environmental Pollution and Remediation (4). Topics include sources of natural and anthropogenic environmental pollutants using ecological concepts, chemical fate and transport, engineering and biological remediation technologies, economics, policy to provide understanding and solutions to these problems. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E254 Topics in Environmental Health Promotion and Education (4). Focuses on design of intervention strategies dependent on the environmental agent, exposure to assessment, SES, health effects, stakeholders, and support base. Programmatic design includes media selection, communication/education, and pre/post surveys. Analysis of transborder and local environmental health promotion programs. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E263 Issues in Potable Water Reuse (4). Provides an in-depth study of the treatment and subsequent reuse of wastewater for drinking. Analyzes existing regulations for both drinking water and reuse situations, microbial and chemical contaminants, hydrogeology, health concerns, and risk assessment. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E283 Environmental Health and Quality (4). Concepts and principles of environmental health. Focuses on industrial hygiene, water and air quality, noise pollution, and environmental carcinogens. Discusses theory and implementation practices through review of legislative measures and enforcement procedures. Examines social and biological interactions surrounding each topic. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E285 Seminar in Environmental Health, Science, and Policy (2). Topics relevant to the field of environmental health, science, and policy are covered in depth. Included are: hazardous and biological pollutants in soil, water, air; remediation technologies; water conflicts; and regulations pertaining to contaminants. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E290 Grant Writing in Environmental Health Sciences Seminar (4). Teaches graduate students fundamentals of grant writing through introduction to funding sources, the missions of these sources, and how differences in mission statements translate into different goals within a proposal. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E293 Environmental Health Science IV: The Lead Case (4). The social ecology of lead use and presence in subsistence goods and the environment, examined from earliest prehistory to the present. Lead has specific health impacts throughout human development. Public policy and surveillance are discussed. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

E295 EHSP Master's Thesis Research and Writing (4 to 8). Prerequisite: advancement to candidacy and graduate standing. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only. May be repeated for credit.

E297 EHSP Graduate Field Seminar (2 to 4). Serves as a bridge between course work in environmental health sciences and policy and the undertaking of independent research. Helps guide students in developing their pre-thesis/pre-dissertation research project. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only. May be repeated for credit.

E298 EHSP Directed Studies (2 to 4). Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only. May be repeated for credit.

E299 EHSP Independent Study (2 to 8). Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only. May be repeated for credit.

PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

P201 Research Methods in Psychology (4). In-depth examination of the conceptualization of research problems and linkages between theory and the design of appropriate strategies for empirical research in psychological science. Topics include experimental and quasi-experimental designs, reliability and validity of measurement and non-experimental procedures. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P203 Development of Gender Differences (4). Evaluation of research on gender differences in physiology, psychology, and social behavior from the prenatal period through adulthood. Topics include cognitive skills, moral reasoning, achievement, prosocial behavior, aggression, and mental health. Examination of psychological and biological theories and explanations for gender differences. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P204 Adolescence (4). Considers pubertal and cognitive changes and their social consequences; the family, peer group, school, and cultural contexts in which adolescence is embedded; and selected psychosocial issues including autonomy, identity, health, and well-being. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P205 Issues in Social Psychology (4). Provides in-depth treatment of theoretical and empirical work relevant to selected topics in social psychology. Theories of attitude change, group dynamics, and attribution are applied to such problems as overpopulation, environmental degradation, media violence, and racial conflict. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P209A Applied Psychological Research (4). Focuses on scientific and professional issues in the field of psychology. Topics include communication skills; intervention approaches; collaboration, consultation, and referral; and ethical issues associated with at-risk populations research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P209B Applied Psychological Research in the Community (4). Explores research and practice in the field of psychology. Students are placed in an actual field placement practicum. Prerequisites: P209A and graduate standing.

P214 Seminar in Social Psychology (4). Presents an overview of selected theoretical and empirical topics in social psychology including social influence and conformity, altruism and aggression, persuasion and attitude change, self and social perception, and social cognition. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P218 Infancy (4). Covers development from conception through the second year. Focus is on research and theory concerning infants' physical, social, cognitive, perceptual, emotional, and language development. Also covers transition to parenthood and family context of infant development. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P220 Developmental Psychology (4). Examines key concepts and research methods in the study of life span development. Considers different models of development; contextual and ecological perspectives; the nature of plasticity; continuity and change over time. Introduces research designs and statistical procedures for studying human development. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P223 Cross-Cultural Developmental Psychology (4). Examines human development in diverse cultures (e.g., Asian, American, and African). Cultural diversity within the U.S. and acculturation of various ethnic groups also discussed. Topics include parenting, family relations, language and cognition, schooling and academic achievement, and morality. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P226 Emotion in Psychology (4). Covers original and recent theories of emotions and how they guide current research. Specific topics include neuroanatomical structure of emotion, life-span emotional development, and health and emotion. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P228 Public Health Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (4). Examines using cost-effectiveness information to allocate limited resources to maximize health benefits to a population; defining and measuring cost, survival, and health-related quality of life; and how to calculate cost-effectiveness using decision trees and Markov simulation models. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Environmental Health, Science, and Policy E228 and Planning, Policy, and Design U226.

P230 Adulthood (4). Focuses on early and middle adulthood. Examines the extended period of transitioning to adulthood; changes in relationships with family members; impact of major role-related experiences (e.g., spouse, parent, worker) on development and well-being; continuity and change in personality and social identities. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P231 Professional Issues in Psychology (4). Examines a variety of issues related to the professional socialization and development of graduate students in psychology. Topics include the publication process, sources of research funding, alternative employment options, competitiveness on the job market, and the academic career route. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P233 Personality (4). Provides a frame of reference for understanding personality and its role in life-span development, the relationship of the individual to society, and both mental and physical illness. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P234 Childhood (4). Examines the development of children from two to 12 years of age, covering the areas of cognition, language, emotion, and social relations. Emphasizes recent research and contemporary theory and the ecological context of child development. Presumes familiarity with theories and basic principles of development. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P236 Issues in Human Development (4). Examines selected issues that have current research salience and policy significance, such as day care, parental employment and family functioning, sex differences in adults' well-being; developmental psychopathology; and the importance of social ties among the elderly. Prerequisite: Psychology and Social Behavior P220, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Formerly P236A-B.

P239 Psychopathology and Behavior Disorders (4). Explores the antecedents, characteristics, course, outcomes, and options for the prevention or management of various forms of psychopathology and behavior disorder. Focuses on psychological and biobehavioral mechanisms that influence the development, expression, and amelioration of maladaption. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P243 Ecological Context of Behavioral Disorder (4). Surveys the epidemiology of behavioral and other health disorders as they may be affected by socioeconomic status, income disparity, employment stress, adverse employment change, and other social environmental factors. Reviews measurement and design issues in advancing research in this area. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P244 Personality Assessment (4). Examines the nature of personality as it influences assessment approaches. Discusses adequacy criteria for personality assessment and introduces some current approaches to personality assessment. Addresses applications to student research and practice needs and interests. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

P250 Emotion, Reasoning, and Memory (4). Examines research and theory on emotion from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Topics include the effects of emotions on attention, memory, and problem solving; the relations between emotional and cognitive development; flash-bulb memories of intense emotional experiences; eyewitness testimony. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P258 Health Psychology (4). Interdisciplinary exploration of emerging fields of health psychology and behavioral medicine. Topics: role of stress in the development and treatment of medical problems; sociocognitive determinants of health and illness; interpersonal health transactions; behavioral approaches to medical problems such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P262 Interpersonal Processes and Health (4). Examines traditions of research linking interpersonal processes to emotional or physical health. Topics include: role of social support in ameliorating stress, effects of social control on health-compromising behaviors, adverse effects of social relationships on health, causes of deficient social relationships. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P264 Eyewitness Testimony (4). Examines the evidence that shows that faulty eyewitness memory is the major cause of wrongful convictions. Explores what the legal system thinks of eyewitness testimony and how the legal system has dealt with eyewitness issues. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Criminology, Law and Society C264.

P265 Memory and the Law (4). Examines the controversial topic of repressed memory, or perception and memory of real-world events. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Criminology, Law and Society P265.

P268 Coping with Stressful Life Events (4). Explores how individuals cope with serious life crises (e.g., illness, bereavement), life transitions, and daily stressors. Considers how such events impact on people's cognitions, emotions, and health, and the role of others in the coping process. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P270 Multilevel Models (4). Introduces contemporary statistical models associated with nested, hierarchical, or clustered data. Topics include multilevel thinking in theory, growth curve modeling, intraindividual variation, cross-sectional multilayered data, hypothesis-testing, statistical power, effect size estimation, and available software packages. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P273 Biobehavioral Aspects of Health and Illness (4). Examines the behavior-physiology interactions of some major bodily systems: the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems. Analysis of normal and abnormal states of these systems as they relate to tissue injury, disease, and rehabilitation. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P287 Employment and Family Functioning (4). Examines men's and women's employment in the context of the family. Focus is on the effects of work on adult well-being, parenting, marital quality, and child development. Includes social policies that impact the workplace and family. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

P290 Research in Developmental Psychology (4). Introduces graduate students to research conducted by individual faculty members in the area of developmental psychology. This is accomplished by having students involve themselves in the conceptualization, strategy, and implementation of the faculty member's research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

P291 Research in Health Psychology (4). Introduces graduate students to research conducted by individual faculty members in the area of health psychology. This is accomplished by having students involve themselves in the conceptualization, strategy, and implementation of the faculty member's research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

P292 Research in Psychopathology and Behavior Disorder (4). Introduces graduate students to research conducted by individual faculty members in the area of psychopathology and behavior disorder. This is accomplished by having students involve themselves in the conceptualization, strategy, and implementation of the faculty member's research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

P293 Research in Social and Personality Psychology (4). Introduces graduate students to research conducted by individual faculty members in the area of social and personality psychology. This is accomplished by having students involve themselves in the conceptualization, strategy, and implementation of the faculty member's research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

P294A-B-C Research Directions in Psychology and Social Behavior (2-2-2) F, W, S. Introduces students to the current research of faculty, graduate students, and visitors to the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior. Includes examination of contemporary research issues and controversies, as well as issues related to students' development as professionals. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

P295 Research in Psychology and Law (4). Introduces graduate students to research conducted by individual faculty members in the area of psychology and law. This is accomplished by having students involve themselves in the conceptualization, strategy, and implementation of the faculty member's research. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

PLANNING, POLICY, AND DESIGN

U202 History of Urban Planning (4). Introduction to the historical roots and fundamental perspectives of urban and regional planning. Exploration of the significant historical phases and personalities which have shaped the profession. The roles and responsibilities, the limitations and potential, of urban planning. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U203 Theoretical Foundations of Planning (4). Intellectual excursion into central themes in policy and planning, including philosophy of the market, institutionalization of space, hypostatizations of policy, constructions of communities, logics of spatial analysis. Objective is engagement of the professional in thoughtful reflections on practice and institutions. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U205 Environmental Economics and Policy (4). Provides a broad introduction to environmental economics and to environmental policy. Environmental problems facing the United States and Europe are analyzed, and whenever possible, the environmental problems facing developing countries. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U206 Microeconomic Analysis for Urban Planning (4). Provides students with a working knowledge of basic microeconomic concepts. Emphasizes applications related to urban planning and policy analysis. Topics covered include demand analysis, firm behavior, market structure, public goods, externalities, and the role of economics in land markets. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U207 Development Control Law and Policy (4). Investigates legal and institutional frameworks for development control. Review of constitutional issues implicated in land-use regulation. Traces development control historically and analyzes contemporary approaches to land-use control which reflect environmental and economic development concerns. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Same as Criminology, Law and Society C207.

U208 California's Population (4). Provides a non-specialist introduction to social demography through a focus on California population. Surveys historical and current trends in the State's growth, its industries and occupations, and its ethnic and racial makeup. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Formerly Environmental Analysis and Design E210.

U209 Qualitative Research Methods: Overview (4). Introduces fundamentals and philosophical underpinnings of "qualitative" research and anti-positivistic inquiry. Explores the nature and varieties of qualitative inquiry. Overview of selected methods from among ethnography, naturalistic field research, case study, phenomenology, ethnomethodology, ethnoarchaeology, critical approaches. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U211 Urban Design and Behavior (4). Acquaints students with vocabulary, history, theories, process, and trends in urban design, and the relationship of design to human well-being. The local environment is used as a resource and a laboratory. Prerequisite: graduate standing and consent of instructor.

U212 Transportation Planning (4). Introduces current topics in transportation planning. Includes an analysis of the economic role of transportation in urban areas, land-use impacts of transportation projects, traffic congestion, air quality, alternatives to the automobile, and other transportation topics. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

U214 Quantitative Analysis for Planners (4). Introduces students to the basic statistical concepts used to address issues of public concern. Prepares students to perform, interpret, and evaluate quantitative data analyses commonly used in professional studies. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U215 Analytical Methods for Planning (4). Emphasizes the development of analytical techniques proven useful in the fields of management and administration. Topics include multiple regression, cost-benefit analysis and discounting, decision trees, and other techniques useful for the purposes of community analysis and planning. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U218A-B Advanced Research Methods for Planning (4-4). Provides in-depth training in research methods enabling students to conduct and critically evaluate research on planning and public policy. Statistical inference, data analysis, applied econometric methods. Regression techniques, OLS, heteroskelasticity, time series analysis, discrete choice analysis, panel data, and instrumental variables. Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor. Formerly U208A-B.

U219 Advanced Planning Theory (4). Focused readings and discussions aimed at developing a foundation for critical research into the theories and epistemologies of planning and policy. Topics include the liberal, communitarian, communicative, and other conceptions of nationality; praxis, hermaneutics, and policy; topologies of justice and social fracture. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U220 Qualitative Methods: Fieldwork and Data Collection (4). Covers fieldwork, data collections techniques, and related issues for anti-positivistic research. Data collection techniques include observation, physical traces, participation, in-depth interview. Data checks include veracity, detail, completeness, rigor. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U221 Public Policy (4). Explores different approaches to public policy analysis, the diverse conceptions of the goals and objectives that should be served by policy, and the appropriate role of the policy analyst. Policy consequences are traced to indirect and subtle incentives and disincentives. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Criminology, Law and Society C255 and Political Science 221A.

U223 Regional Analysis (4). Major concepts and techniques of regional analysis, with applications for urban and regional planning and public policy-making. Definition of regions, processes of economic change, regional structure, location of activities, and analysis of selected policy issues. Emphasis on practical applications. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U224 Environmental Politics and Policy (4). Reviews and critiques literature on discussion topics including: the nature and effectiveness of the environmental movement and environmental policies; the role of science and technology; the use of economic incentives in policy; decentralization of decision making; and creating arenas for public involvement. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Political Science 224A.

U225 Local Economic Development (4). Analyzes the economic development process. Attention is given to economic theories of local development and practical implications of those theories. Topics include local economic development and poverty, tax incentives, infrastructure credits, effects of government competition for economic activity. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

U226 Public Health Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (4). Examines using cost-effectiveness information to allocate limited resources to maximize health benefits to a population; defining and measuring cost, survival, and health-related quality of life; and how to calculate cost-effectiveness using decision trees and Markov simulation models. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Environmental Health, Science, and Policy E228 and Psychology and Social Behavior P228.

U227 Qualitative Methods: Case Study (4). Deals with case study as a qualitative, anti-positivistic research method. Discussion focuses on the essential nature of case study research, quality of case study, rigor, design, implementation, analysis, data collection techniques, analysis, and writing. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U228 Demographics for Planning and Policy (4). Provides planning and policy practitioners with a condensed, nonspecialist orientation to the sources, applications, and interpretation of population statistics, and conveys the steps used in constructing local-area population forecasts and projections. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U229 Communities and Health (4). Increasingly, communities rather than individuals are seen as the locus of change for making communities healthier. Reviews different theoretical approaches, analyzes programs in the U.S. and abroad, and undertakes a critical evaluation of their success. Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor.

U230 New Leadership Roles (4). Explores the impact and interaction of the various stakeholders of private, public, and nonprofit organizations and the effects these stakeholders have on the responsibilities and actions of the organizations' leaders. Focuses primarily on the relationships between leaders and various constituencies. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U231 Transportation and the Environment (4). Explores environmental impacts of transportation from several perspectives, including planning, industrial ecology, and economics. The main focus is on motor vehicle transportation, especially cars. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U232 Diversity and Urban Environments (4). Explores diversity and power in the use and design of the physical environment. Examines how people differ in their relationships to environments on the basis of gender, race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, physical abilities, sexuality, religion, and culture.

U233 Transportation, Transit, and Land-Use Policy and Planning (4). Places students into a specific transportation public policy situation to devise real solutions, with the goal of helping students understand factors in land use, travel behavior, politics, and finance that shape transportation planning policy choices. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U234 Environmental Analysis (4). Explores theory and methods for the analysis of environmental patterns and their linkage to policy. Involves discussions on fundamentals of theories for analysis, along with hands-on instruction on analytical methods. Topics include: spatial analysis, risk representation, and sustainability planning. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U236 Community Design (4). Provides an overview of the current condition of urban design in the United States. Topics include the academic environment, the retail environment, multi- and single-family residential environments, the office environment, and new urban design tools. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U237 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (4). Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the field of urban and regional planning. Emphasizes current issues that occur in actual implementation settings. Lecture/discussion followed by laboratory demonstrating the area of GIS discussed. Offers "hands-on" student usage of GIS software.

U238 Advanced Geographic Information Systems (4). Extends study of geographic information systems to more advanced issues, including data sources, data conversion, relational database integration, software customization, and spatial and three-dimensional analysis. Prerequisite: Urban and Regional Planning U237.

U240 International Environmental Policy (4). Explores causes and effects of environmental problems and the effectiveness of different adaptation or restoration strategies and how they are closely linked to ways in which political, economic, demographic, and cultural systems interact among themselves and ecological systems.

U241 Health Promotion and Planning (4). Focuses on health and health care in the United States, but discussion of global health issues and/or international comparisons will be made whenever possible. Considers both the social and economic aspects of health and disease. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U242 Regional Development Theory (4). Regional economic development concepts and studies, with applications for urban and regional planning, and public policy-making. Roles and performance of economic sectors, technological innovation, and communications in the process of development. Analysis of regional development policies and programs. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U244 Land-Use Policy (4). Examination of the role of public policy in guiding growth and development in urban and suburban environments. Description of a wide-ranging set of growth policies, the rationales underlying their use, controversies and legal constraints, and evaluation of their effectiveness. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

U246 Housing Policy (4). Examines the theories and practices of housing policy and the relationship of housing to larger neighborhood, community, and regional development issues. Considers the roles of private for-profit and not-for-profit developers, lenders, and all levels of government in the provision of housing. Prerequisites: basic statistics and consent of instructor.

U252 Issues in Environmental Law and Policy (4). Treatment of legal and policy strategies for promoting environmental protection and deterring environmental degradation within the context of other societal objectives. Topical approach with a focus on problems of special interest to criminologists and to environmental policy specialists. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Criminology, Law and Society C252.

U253 Site Planning (4). Examines site specific, neighborhood, and community site planning from the site designer and local government perspectives. By reviewing actual discretionary case applications and case studies, students learn how regulatory, environmental, and government constraints influence site planning. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U264 Planning, Policy, and Design Seminar (1). For first- and second-year doctoral students. Topics include professional development; refereed journal publication process; academic conference presentations; and the job market for doctoral students in and out of academia. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

U265 Urban and Community Development Seminar (1). For first- and second-year doctoral students. Topics include scholarship related to the urban and community development area. Discussion of assigned articles and book chapters and how they relate to urban and community development. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

U273 Global Urbanization (4). Examines the spread of cities worldwide in the twentieth century. What are the political and economic causes of this processes? What are the social-cultural, political, economic effects? How is contemporary urbanization linked to global restructuring of other kinds? Prerequisites: graduate standing, consent of instructor. Same as Social Science 254J and Sociology 252A.

U275 Special Topics in Urban Planning (4). Special topics in urban and regional planning are offered from time to time, but not on a regular basis. Course content varies with interest of the instructor. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

U276 Principles of Environmental Design (4). Explores the principles and processes of design in the built environment, including graphic analysis and behavioral programming. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Formerly Environmental Analysis and Design E272.

U277 Environmental Design Research Practicum (4). Provides an intensive field research experience in environmental psychology. Overviews basic theory and methods of environmental assessment. The latter portion of the course involves consultation with professional designers and subsequent post-occupancy evaluation of an existing setting. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Formerly Environmental Analysis and Design E289.

U278 Culture, Community, and Space (4). Covers how cultures relate to natural and built physical environments. Ways in which culture influences space; ways space influences culture. Concepts for understanding the interrelationship, including values, norms, traditions, religion, and place attachment. Culture and cities, urban form, ethnic communities. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U279 Power and Empowerment in Organizations (4). Studies different ways of thinking about power and the use of power in organizations. First considers different ways of understanding power and then deals with various forms of empowerment including assistance, participatory democracy, and workplace empowerment. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U282 Urban Design Studio for Planners: An Introduction (4). Introductory urban design for planners. Organized around a variety of assignments to encourage learning by design in a studio setting. Students work on design projects and drawing assignments to learn practical aspects of urban design. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U288 Environment-Behavior Studies (4). Provides an overview of major theoretical and research perspectives within the field of environment-design research/environment-behavior studies (EBS). Reviews contributions to EBS from architecture, planning, geography, psychology, sociology, and other fields. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U292 Professional Report (4). Workshop designed to assist M.U.R.P. students in conducting their professional reports. Students select topics, design projects, conduct professional investigations, and write up reports.

U297 Research Design (4). Provides training in research design and methods. Students learn how to evaluate the strength of research findings based on the methods used by a researcher and learn to use lessons from the course to develop a research proposal. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

U298 Directed Studies in Urban Planning (2 to 4). Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.

U299 Independent Study in Urban Planning (2 to 8). Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.