LOWER-DIVISION

E1 Natural Disasters (4) F. Lecture, three hours. Natural disasters are natural processes that adversely affect humans. By examining these processes students develop a basic understanding of Earth's physical environment. Topics include: tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, severe weather, flooding, climate change, mass extinctions and impacts with space objects. Same as Public Health 90. (II)

E3 Human Environments (4). Lecture, three hours. Study of natural and physical components of earth's environmental problems due to human activities. Topics include global air, water, soil, biodiversity, rainforests, energy, demographics, agriculture, and urbanization. Theme is sustainability. Integrated into the science are social, legal, and economic considerations. Same as Public Health 30. (II)

E5 Environmental Quality and Health (4). Lecture, three hours. A survey of how pollution in the natural and physical environment affects human health. Topics are toxicology, epidemiology, risk assessment, water, food, air, radiation, pesticides, solid and hazardous waste. Included are interdisciplinary elements of environmental regulations, environmental education, consumer protection. Same as Public Health 60. (II)

E8 Introduction to Environmental Analysis and Design (4) F, W, S. Lecture, three hours. Overview of general concepts, theoretical principles, and analytical techniques for investigating environmental systems. Integrates tools from both natural and social sciences to analyze contemporary environmental challenges such as pollution, resource acquisition, facility and ecosystem design, impact assessments, the formulation of environmental policy. (III)

E15 Native American Religions and the Environmental Ethic (4) S. Lecture, three hours. Examines Native American religions and their perspectives on the human relationship to the natural environment. Topics include the rise and fall of pre-Columbian state theocracies, the ceremony of the Sacred Pipe, revitalization movements, and sacredness and ritual in contemporary life. (VII)

UPPER-DIVISION

E100 Special Topics in Environmental Analysis (4). Lecture, three hours. Special topics courses are offered from time to time. Course content varies with interest of the instructor. Prerequisites: Environmental Analysis and Design E8 and, in some cases, consent of instructor.

E112 Public Issues in Biotechnology (4). Lecture, three hours. An assessment of developments in biotechnology potentially affecting various facets of human society, or warranting significant public debate. Covers the implications of genetic engineering and other biotechnological developments for public health, environment, agriculture, legislation, research ethics, public policy, and commerce. Prerequisites: Public Health 1 and 2 or consent of instructor. Same as Public Health 123.

E113 Social Ecology of Peace (4). Lecture, three hours. Examination of differing definitions of the problem of achieving peace and the special problems of seeking peace in the nuclear age. Same as International Studies 121. (VIII)

E127 Nuclear Environments (4). Lecture, three hours. Understanding the impact of the nuclear age on the environment and human health through the interrelated developments of nuclear power and nuclear weapons. The early years of weapon development, catastrophic environmental pollution, perils of nuclear power in the U.S. and Russia. Same as International Studies 122 and Public Health 168. (VIII)

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE

E160 Environmental Health Microbiology of Water and Waste Water (4). Lecture, three hours. Examines microorganisms and their functions in the aquatic environment, specifically microorganisms' role in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury, and how our activities are affecting these cycles. How and why indicator organisms are used in the determination of water quality for public health. Prerequisites: Environmental Analysis and Design E5 or a general course in biology.

E160L Environmental Health Microbiology of Water and Waste Water Laboratory (4). Laboratory, three hours. Enumeration and identification of microorganisms from various aquatic environments. Examines microbial mediation of the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury cycles and the public health aspects of water quality. Prerequisites: Environmental Analysis and Design E8 or a general course in the Biological Sciences Core curriculum; and completion of or concurrent enrollment in E160.

E164 Toxins in the Environment (4). Lecture, three hours. Uses and impact of heavy-metal toxins in the environment traced from ore bodies, product manufacture, consumption, and waste management. Routes of exposure; medical and societal impacts of these exposures. Prerequisites: Environmental Analysis and Design E8; junior standing and consent of instructor. Environmental Analysis and Design E164 and Public Health 164 may not both be taken for credit.

E164L Toxins in the Environment Laboratory (4). Laboratory, three hours. Involves planning, sampling, gathering, and analyzing data. Direct first-hand experience in carrying out a scientific research project from inception through final technical report. Prerequisite or corequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E164. Prerequisites: E8 and either E115 or consent of instructor. Environmental Analysis and Design E164L and Public Health 164L may not both be taken for credit.

E165L Environmental Geology: Field and Laboratory (4). Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Provides weekly lecture, laboratory experiments, and demonstration of techniques in the environmental sciences. Three to five Saturday field trips as well as a four-day field trip to study specific environmental problems. Prerequisite or corequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E110.

E167 Ecosystems Ecology (4). Lecture, three hours. A mechanistic perspective on ecosystems processes. Covers ecosystem development, element cycling, and interactions with plants and microbes. The role of ecosystems in environmental change is also addressed. Prerequisite: Chemistry 51C. Same as Biological Sciences E118 and Earth System Science 164.

E168 Ecology of Coastal Waters (4). Lecture, three hours. Examines the ecological processes of the coastal environment. Investigates the causes of coastal ecosystem degradation and strategies to restore the ecosystem balance or prevent further coastal ecosystem health degradation. Prerequisites: Chemistry 1A-B and Environmental Analysis and Design E8. Same as Engineering CEE167.

PUBLIC HEALTH

E177A Introduction to Epidemiology (4). Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. The distribution of disease and injury across time, space, and populations. Covers basic concepts and methods of descriptive epidemiology including the natural history of disease, demography, public health interventions, models, measurement, sources of data, and indices of health. Prerequisite: Mathematics 7 or Statistics 8 or equivalent. Same as Public Health 101.

E177B Analytic and Applied Epidemiology (4). Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Covers basic concepts of analytic epidemiology and applications, including experimental and observational designs, prevention, screening, treatment and rehabilitation, infectious disease, and injury prevention. Prerequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E177A or Public Health 101. Same as Public Health 104.

E180 Field Methods for Applied Ecologists (4). Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Uses descriptive format to introduce environmental analysis, methodology, and writing skills necessary to conduct research and produce written papers in scientific journal format. Corequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E180L. Open only to senior Applied Ecology majors.

E180L Field Methods Laboratory (3). Active participation in acquisition and analysis of data. Introduction to field sampling techniques, data collection and laboratory analysis, and the production of written papers in scientific journal format. Habitats include terrestrial, aquatic, and the built environment, both natural and polluted conditions. Corequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E180.

E186 Impacts on Human Health and Disease (4). Lecture, three hours. Examines mechanisms by which diseases are maintained and spread through human populations. Impact of disease is given historical and global perspective. Topics include infectious and genetic disease, evolution, weaponization, modernization, and public health policy.

E187 Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology (4). Lecture, three hours. Examines the methodological approaches for studying the importance of genetic factors and gene-environment interactions in human diseases. Topics include: genetic and epidemiological concepts, population studies, family studies, and applications in medicine and public health. Prerequisite: Environmental Analysis and Design E177A or Public Health 101. Same as Public Health 103.

E191A Seminar in Environmental Health, Science, and Policy (4). Seminar, four hours. Current topics relevant to the field of environmental health, science, and policy are covered in-depth in a seminar format. Possible subjects include hazardous and biological pollutants in soil, water, air; remediation technologies; water conflicts; regulations pertaining to contaminants. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. May be taken twice for credit as topics vary.

E191B Bioindicators of Environmental Pollution (4). Lecture, three hours. Focuses on bioindicators of environmental pollution in the soil, air, and water studies at the ecosystem, organism, and gene/molecule level. Includes economic, policy, and social implications of these sentinels. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

E191C Air Pollution, Climate, and Health (4). Lecture, three hours. Introduction to how air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, how people are most exposed to air pollutants in developed and developing areas, physical and meteorological processes that affect transport, and the influence of air pollutants on global warming. Same as Public Health 167.

E196A-B Applied Ecology Research (4-4). Lecture, one hour; laboratory, eight hours. Basic introduction to research and laboratory research techniques: experimental design, laboratory skills, biostatistics, library research. Students undertake a two-quarter project focusing on environmental health of humans or of flora and fauna associated with environments that are impacted by human activities. Corequisite: first year of Biological Sciences Core. Prerequisites: general chemistry; Biological Sciences 100L or Environmental Analysis and Design E103, or consent of instructor. In-progress grading.