1A-B Life Sciences (4-4) F, W. Lecture, three hours. A two-quarter integrated sequence designed to introduce nonmajors to the basic concepts of modern biology. 1A: Discussion of evolutionary biology, ecology, molecular biology, and genetics. 1B: Cell and behavioral biology including plant structure and function, photosynthesis, and animal physiology. Prerequisite for 1B: Biological Sciences 1A. (II)
1C Topics in Life Sciences for Nonmajors (4) F, W, S. Lecture, three hours. Studies in selected areas of life sciences specifically intended for students not majoring in the Biological Sciences. Topics may include physiology, molecular biology, introduction to ecology, human development, molecular basis of human disease, the meaning of evolution, how the brain works, the brain and human behavior, or the biology of behavior disorder. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 1B. May be taken for credit four times as topics vary. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E6 when topic is Introduction to Ecology. (II)
1D Topics in Life Sciences (4) F, W, S. Lecture, three hours. Studies in selected areas of life sciences for both majors and nonmajors. Topics may include botany, California natural history, AIDS fundamentals, civilization and disease, or biological conservation. Prerequisite for nonmajors: Biological Sciences 1B. May be taken two times for credit as topics vary. Same as Psychology and Social Behavior P45 and Environmental Analysis and Design E45U when topic is AIDS Fundamentals. (II)
11 Topics in Biological Sciences (2 to 4) F, W, S. Studies in selected areas of biological sciences. May be taken for credit three times as topics vary.
20 Western Water Problems (4) W of odd years. Seminar, four hours. Minimum streamflow, anadromous fisheries, riparian habitats, and characteristics of western river systems. Ecological effects of dams and impoundments, western water law, and mitigation strategies. California and the Northwest are emphasized.
25 Biology of Cancer (4) W. Lecture, four hours. Biological, clinical, and psychosocial nature of cancer through the perspectives of medical researchers, biologists, physicians, and health educators. For students of all majors, designed so that each can increase personal awareness of the biology of cancer.
30 Biomedical Ethics (2) S. Seminar, three hours. Ethical issues inherent in modern biological and medical advances. Behavior modification, food and resources distribution, malpractice, and other current ethical issues are covered by scientists and community members. Discussion with the guest speaker. Pass/Not Pass Only.
40 Biological Sciences Summer Science Program (4) Summer. Lecture, five hours; laboratory, three hours. Developmental approach to the study of a scientific subject. The cell, plants and animals, diversity of life, and subdivisions in biology using indexes, journals, biological dictionaries, and personal public relations.
46 Discussion and Literature Research in AIDS (2 to 4) F. Discussion, two hours; research, two hours. Students carry out two activities: (1) leading discussions about HIV/AIDS (predominantly regarding sociological and personal reactions) among students taking Biological Sciences 1D when the topic is AIDS Fundamentals; and (2) literature research about biomedical aspects of AIDS. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 1D when topic is AIDS Fundamentals or Psychology and Social Behavior P45 or Environmental Analysis and Design E45U; consent of instructor.
50 The Biology of Heart Disease (4) S. Lecture, four hours. Guest lecturers from the field of cardiovascular medicine discuss current concepts regarding cause, diagnosis, and treatment of heart disease. Topics include surgery, rehabilitation, and congenital defects, with emphasis on prevention.
78 Health (2) F, S. Lecture, three hours. A practical health education course comprised of lectures by practicing professionals. Health topics covered include stress, physical fitness, cardiovascular disease, cancer, communicable diseases, nutrition, eating disorders, rape prevention, common illness, and trauma and emergency medical care. Pass/Not Pass Only.
H90A-B-C The Idiom and Practice of Science (4-4-4) F, W, S. Lecture, three hours; discussion, two hours. A series of fundamental and applied scientific problems are addressed, illustrating the pervasive role of mathematical analysis. Topics may include calculus, radiation, Newton's Laws, chemical and biochemical reaction rates, epidemics, atmospheric chemistry and physics, and earthquake physics. Prerequisite: restricted to members of the Campuswide Honors Program or consent of instructor. Same as Chemistry H90A-B-C, Mathematics H90A-B-C, and Physics H90A-B-C. (II)
Seminars
2A Freshman Seminars (1). Lecture, one hour; seminar, one hour. Weekly meetings consisting of presentations by faculty, professional staff, and New Student Peer Academic Advisors provide information about the School of Biological Sciences, campus resources, and special programs/opportunities. Pass/Not Pass Only. Open to freshman Biological Sciences majors only.
2B Freshman Seminars (0). Lecture, one hour. To further facilitate Biological Sciences students' understanding of the structure, function, opportunities, and current issues in the biological sciences through faculty presentations and readings. Pass/Not Pass Only. One unit of workload credit only. Open to freshman Biological Sciences majors only. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 2A.
3A Career Decision Making (0). Lecture, one hour. An introductory course designed to facilitate the career decision-making process. Decision-making processes, values, and standardized tests of aptitudes, interests, and values are utilized with non-test data in appraising biological sciences career options. Pass/Not Pass Only. One unit of workload credit only. Open to Biological Sciences majors only.
3B Non-Health Sciences Career Exploration (0). Lecture, one hour. A survey course designed to assist students in exploring non-health science career options. Lectures by professionals in various fields. Students are required to investigate one area of particular interest and do a career observation. Pass/Not Pass Only. One unit of workload credit only. Open to sophomore, junior, or senior Biological Sciences majors only.
190 Transfer Student Seminars (1). Lecture, one hour; seminar, one hour. Weekly meetings consisting of presentations by faculty, professional staff, and New Student Peer Academic Advisors provide information about the School of Biological Sciences, campus resources, and special programs/opportunities. Pass/Not Pass Only. Open to new transfer students only.
Special Courses
92 Special Group Activities F, W, S. Formerly Biological Sciences 98.
Sec. 1A Health Sciences Experience, Medicine, and Allied Health (0). Opportunities to observe or participate in various health fields. Specific number of hours per quarter of volunteer work with approved health professionals. Passing contingent on completion of minimum specified hours with satisfactory evaluation. Fields include optometry, veterinary and human medicine, and allied health. Pass/Not Pass Only. Prerequisites: consent of instructor and minimum third-quarter freshman standing. May be repeated.
Sec. 1B Health Sciences Experience, Dentistry (0). Description same as Sec. 1A. Pass/Not Pass Only. Prerequisites: consent of instructor and minimum third-quarter freshman standing. May be repeated.
Sec. 2 Tutoring in Biological Sciences (2 to 4). Students may enroll in this course to earn credit for tutoring in Biological Sciences Core courses. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for a total of eight units. Pass/Not Pass Only.
Sec. 3 Reading, Writing, and Reasoning for Biological Science Majors (0) F, W, S. Strategies and practice to strengthen reading, writing, and reasoning skills in preparation for graduate study in biological sciences and advanced degrees in areas such as education, business, law, dentistry, optometry, medicine, and public health. Pass/Not Pass Only. Open to upper-division Biological Sciences majors only.
Sec. 5 Curriculum (2). Initiation, planning, and coordination of student-run courses. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for a total of eight units. Pass/Not Pass Only.
192 Excellence in Research in the Biological Sciences (2). Adjunct to the third quarter of Biological Sciences 199 for students participating in the School of Biological Sciences' Excellence in Research program. Corequisite: Biological Sciences 199. Prerequisites: two quarters of Biological Sciences 199; 2.7 minimum grade point average. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Biological Sciences 192 and 192X may not both be taken for credit.
192X Excellence in Research/Writing (2). Adjunct to the third quarter of Biological Sciences 199 for students participating in the School of Biological Sciences' Excellence in Research program who wish to receive credit for the upper-division writing requirement. Corequisite: Biological Sciences 199. Prerequisites: two quarters of Biological Sciences 199; 2.7 minimum grade point average; satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement. Biological Sciences 192 and 192X may not both be taken for credit.
193 Research Writing for Biological Science Majors (4). Under the guidance of selected faculty in the School of Biological Sciences and a writing professional, students learn to conduct library research in the field of biology and to write scientific review papers. Prerequisite: upper-division Biological Sciences major.
195 Communication in the Biological Sciences (4). Lecture, three hours. An examination of rhetorical strategies of both written and oral forms of communications used in the Biological Sciences. Students have extensive opportunity to practice making both written and oral presentations. The final project is a research paper based on work in independent study (Biological Sciences 199). Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 199A and concurrent enrollment in 199B with the intention of participation in Excellence in Research during spring quarter.
196 Writing for Biology Research (4) S. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two hours. A writing course for the Howard Hughes Fellows who have completed two quarters of Biological Sciences 199 research. Students will work in the computer lab and be instructed on the preparation and publication of a scientific paper. Prerequisites: two quarters of Biological Sciences 199 research in the laboratory. Restriction: Howard Hughes Fellows.
198 Teaching Methods/Practicum for Undergraduates (4) F, W, S. Undergraduates interested in biology teaching experience serve as apprentice instructors in sections of the Experimental Biology Laboratory (100L). Students attend a weekly seminar on teaching methods and a weekly session to prepare for the week's laboratory/discussion topics. Pass/Not Pass only. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100L and upper division standing. May be taken for credit three times.
NOTE: Information about the White Mountain Research Station Supercourse is available on page 122.
Independent Study
Independent-study credit for undergraduates is limited to five units per quarter.
197A-B-C Special Study in Biological Sciences (1 to 4 per quarter) F, W, S. Tutorial, one to four hours. Library research, tutorial, and other independent projects under individual professors. Individualized instruction dealing with conceptual or theoretical problems in the biological sciences, rather than technical problems. Regularly scheduled meetings between student and faculty member and successful completion of a written report. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. An abstract form must be filed in the Biological Sciences Student Affairs Office. May be graded "IP." May be repeated for credit.
199A-B-C Independent Study in Biological Sciences Research (1 to 5 per quarter) F, W, S. Individual experimental laboratory or field research under a professor's direction. Required for participation in the Excellence in Research Program. Further information and a booklet describing many prospective projects are available in the Biological Sciences Student Affairs Office. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. An abstract form must be filed in the Biological Sciences Student Affairs Office. May be graded "IP." May be repeated for credit.
Biological Sciences courses numbered 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100L, 108, 109, and 110 are required of all Biological Sciences majors. Lecture classes are three hours per week. Prerequisites listed for Core courses are rigorously enforced. (Transfer students who have successfully completed one or more years of college biology should consult with the Biological Sciences Student Affairs Office for possible exemption from portions of the Core.)
94 Diversity of Life (4) W. Lecture, three hours. Types of living organisms with an introduction to systematics and classification. Evolutionary aspects are stressed. Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in or completion of Chemistry 1A.
96 Ecology (4) S. Lecture. Ecological principles and their relevance at several levels of organization. Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems, and interactions of these levels with physical and biotic environments. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 94.
97 General and Evolutionary Genetics (4) F, W. Lecture. Introduction to genetics and the genetics of populations. Basic features of the replication and expression of DNA; cell division; and gene transmission. Recombination and mutation in diploid organisms. Concepts of genetic variability and natural selection in populations. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 96.
98 Biochemistry (4) F, W, S. Lecture. Structure and properties of proteins; major biochemical pathways and mechanisms for their control. Prerequisites: completion of Biological Sciences 97 and completion of or concurrent enrollment in Chemistry 51B or 52B.
99 Molecular Biology (4) F, W, S. Lecture. Biochemistry and replication of nucleic acids; molecular genetics; protein biosynthesis; genetic code; regulation of expression of genetic information; biochemical evolution. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98.
100L Experimental Biology Laboratory (3) F, W, S. Basic experimental design, laboratory techniques, data gathering skills, and analysis and preservation of data for a variety of areas of inquiry in the biological sciences. Prerequisite: current enrollment in or completion of Biological Sciences 98. First offered, winter 1997.
108 Developmental and Cell Biology (4) F, W. Lecture. Basic concepts of cell and developmental biology. Emphasis on structure of the cell and its components, and development of structure during embryology of plants and animals. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 99.
109 Physiology (5) F, W. Lecture. Major functional features of plants and animals relevant to their survival. Focus on the whole organism and its constituent organs and organ systems; functional attributes of cells introduced as required. Discussion of neurophysiology and behavior deferred to Biological Sciences 110. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 99.
110 Psychobiology (4) W, S. Lecture. Evolution of behavior, including ethological and psychological aspects and analysis of neuroanatomical, neurochemical, neurophysiological, and neuroendocrine systems underlying basic behavioral processes. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 99 and completion of or concurrent enrollment in Physics 3B or 5C.
Upon completion of Biological Sciences 100L, Biological Sciences majors are required to take three of the following upper-division laboratories. Students who choose to complete a specialization must take the core laboratory indicated in the list which appears in the degree requirements section.
Students who receive Excellence in Research in the School of Biological Sciences may also receive credit, by petition, for one upper-division laboratory in the specialization area of the sponsoring faculty member.
111L Developmental and Cell Biology Laboratory (3) F, W, S. Laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 100L and concurrent enrollment in or completion of Biological Sciences 108.
112L Physiology Laboratory (3) F, W, S. Laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 100L and concurrent enrollment in or completion of Biological Sciences 109.
113L Psychobiology Laboratory (3) F, S. Laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 100L and concurrent enrollment in or completion of Biological Sciences 110.
114L Biochemistry Laboratory (3) F, W, S. Laboratory, four hours. Properties of enzymes and the culture and isolation of mutants of microorganisms. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 100L and completion of or concurrent enrollment in Biological Sciences 98.
115L Evolution Laboratory (4) S. Laboratory, seven hours. Students perform experiments which illustrate important concepts in evolutionary biology such as natural selection, random genetic drift, inbreeding, age-specific selection, sexual selection, and phylogenetic reconstruction. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 97 and 100L.
122L General Microbiology Laboratory (4) S, Summer. Laboratory, nine hours. Selective isolation of wide variety of microbial types. Characterization and identification by morphological and comparative nutritional and biochemical approaches. Industrial, medical, and biological research applications. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 100L and concurrent enrollment in Biological Sciences 122 and consent of instructor.
166 Field Methods in Ecology (4) F. Lecture, one hour; laboratory, six hours; field trip. Introduction to materials and methods techniques and statistical treatment. Emphasis on field studies with effort equally divided between plant and animal ecology in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. Requires outdoor-type durable clothing and footwear. Four papers are required, written in the style of a scientific journal. One weekend camping trip is required. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 94 and 100L; completion of or concurrent enrollment in 96; consent of instructor.
117 Behavioral Neuroscience Theory (4) W. Lecture, three hours. Study of the nervous system and how behavior is mediated. Investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying both simple and complex aspects of behavior. Formerly Biological Sciences 108.
118 Microbial Ecology of Natural and Polluted Waters (4) S. Lecture, three hours. Examines microorganisms and their functions in the aquatic environment, specifically microorganisms' role in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury; how our activities are affecting these cycles. How and why indicator organisms are used in the determination of water quality for public health. Prerequisites: a general course in the Biological Sciences Core curriculum. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E160.
118L Microbial Ecology of Natural and Polluted Waters Laboratory (4) S. Laboratory, three hours. Enumeration and identification of microorganisms from various aquatic environments. Examines microbial mediation of the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury cycles and public health aspects of water quality. Prerequisites: a general course in the Biological Sciences Core curriculum and completion of or concurrent enrollment in Biological Sciences 118. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E160L.
119 The Chemical Components of Water Quality (4) F. Lecture, three hours. A survey of the chemical properties of water used for drinking, agriculture, and industry. Covers basic chemical analyses of water and the significance of these tests in determining water quality. Prerequisites: Chemistry 1A and Environmental Analysis and Design E5 and E8 or a general course in the Biological Sciences Core Curriculum. Same as Environmental Analysis and Design E162.
120 Neurobiology of Alcohol (4) S. Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour. Alcohol (ethanol) metabolism, CNS depression, nature and developing brain, neuropharmacology, drug interactions, immune system, alcohol-related birth defects, neuroteratogen, role in AIDS/pediatric AIDS; gender, ethnic, and special population differences. Discussion on biological socio/psychological aspects. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98.
121 Immunology with Hematology (4) W. Lecture, three hours; discussion, two hours. Antibodies, antigens, antigen-antibody reactions, cells and tissues of lymphoreticular and hematopoietic systems, and individual and collective components of cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98 or consent of instructor.
122 General Microbiology (4) S, Summer. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Comparative metabolism of small molecules and cell structure and relationship to microbial classification. Macromolecule synthesis and regulation, sporulation, cell division, growth, and effect of antibiotics. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98.
123 Computer Applications in Molecular Biology (3) S. Laboratory, three hours. The use of computer programs in molecular biology. Beginning from DNA sequence data, students will enter and construct a data base, analyze the sequence data, and predict some of the structural features of proteins. A familiarity with personal computers is desirable but not required. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 99 and consent of instructor.
123X Writing/Computer Applications in Molecular Biology (2) S. Adjunct to Biological Sciences 123. Individual instruction in writing about topics drawn from the material covered in Biological Sciences 123. Satisfies the upper-division writing requirement with a grade of C or better. Corequisite: Biological Sciences 123. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 99 and consent of instructor; satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.
124 Virology (4) F. Lecture, three hours. Infective cycle, growth, reproduction, and host interrelationships of animal viruses. Molecular effects of virus infection in cells and animals and the relation between virus infection and cancer. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98.
125 Molecular Biology of Transformed Animal Cells (4) S. Lecture, three hours. Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Consideration of transformation by DNA tumor viruses, RNA tumor viruses, and chemical carcinogens. Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in Biological Sciences 99 or consent of instructor.
126 Physiological Ecology (4) S. An examination of the functional means by which animals and plants cope with their environments, the physiological limits that determine the boundary conditions of various ecological riches. Unifying principles that describe the regulatory features of all animals or plants emphasized. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. Corequisites: Biological Sciences 133, 170, 199. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
127 Pathogenic Microbiology (4) W. Lecture, three hours. Disease-causing microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses explored in light of their ability to cause disease. Nature of host-parasite relationship and role of immunity in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 122 or consent of instructor.
128 Genetic Engineering (4) S. Lecture, three hours. Basic biochemical and molecular biology of restriction endonucleases. Vectors for recombinant DNA. Cloning of genes. Sequence analysis of genes. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98; Biological Sciences 99 recommended.
129 Biotechnology and Plant Breeding (4) F, Summer. Lecture, three hours. Synopsis of conventional plant breeding techniques, their limitations, and supplementations through modern biotechnology. These new biotechnological methods include steps such as cloning, cell transformation (genetic engineering), and cell fusion. Focuses on crop improvement, the state of the art in animal and human systems, and the impact of gene technology on society. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 91, 94, or consent of instructor.
129L Plant Cell Culture Laboratory (4) W of odd years. Laboratory, 60 hours per quarter, run on two, full three-day weekend sessions which normally will not conflict with other classes. Isolation and culture of plant cells and tissues, i.e., protoplasts, pollen, meristem. Genetics and structural manipulation of cultured cells, i.e., fusion, laser microsurgery, mutation. Regeneration of plants from cultured cells and tissues. Greenhouse experience (propagation, fertilization, grafting). Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 129 or consent of instructor.
130 Laser Biology and Medicine (4) F. Lecture, three hours. Laser applications in biology and medicine approached by describing laser systems, photon interaction with matter; biological problems studied with laser beams and medical (diagnostic and therapeutic) applications of lasers. Photobiology and photomedicine as disciplines discussed. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 108 and Physics 3A-B-C or equivalent.
131 Topics in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (2 to 4) F, W, S. Studies in selected areas of molecular biology and biochemistry. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 98 or consent of instructor. May be taken for credit three times as topics vary.
132 Muscles and Movement (4) W. Lecture, three hours. Structure and function of muscle, from molecular mechanisms of movement through mechanical power output, efficiency, and the effects of training on muscle size and performance. Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in or completion of Biological Sciences 109.
133 Field Ecology (4) S. Designed to instruct and demonstrate to students the value and approaches of experimental field research using the hypothetico-deductive experimental approach. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. Corequisites: Biological Sciences 126, 170, 199. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
134 Plant Physiology (4) S. Lecture, three hours. Plant hormones, growth and development, metabolism, mineral nutrition, and photosynthesis. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 1D when topic is Botany or consent of instructor.
134X Writing/Plant Physiology (2) S. Adjunct to Biological Sciences 134. Individual instruction in writing about topics drawn from the material covered in Biological Sciences 134. Satisfies the upper-division writing requirement with a grade of C or better. Corequisite: Biological Sciences 134. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 108, consent of instructor, and satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.
136 Developmental Biology (4) W. Lecture, three hours. Development of animal and plant cells, tissues, and organisms. Reproduction, growth, aging, differentiation, and pattern formation. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 108. Biological Sciences 136 and 148 may not both be taken for credit.
137 Genetics
137A Microbial Genetics (4) W. Lecture, four hours. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 97 and 98. Recommended: concurrent enrollment in Biological Sciences 99.
137B Eukaryotic and Human Genetics (4) F. Lecture, four hours. Structure and function of genes in eukaryotes with emphasis on special problems of genetic studies in humans. Molecular methods of genetic analysis and gene transfer are discussed. Practical applications and ethical and social issues raised by genetic studies are addressed. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 97. Recommended: Biological Sciences 99.
138 Comparative Animal Physiology (4) S of odd years. Lecture, three hours. Maintenance aspects of physiology: water balance; feeding and digestion; metabolism; respiration and circulation. Prerequisite: Biological Sciences 109.
138X Writing/Comparative Animal Physiology (2) S. Individual instruction in writing about topics drawn from the material covered in Biological Sciences 138. Satisfies the upper-division writing requirement with a grade of C or better. Corequisite: Biological Sciences 138. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 109 and consent of instructor; satisfactory completion of the lower-division writing requirement.
139 Topics in Developmental and Cell Biology (2 to 4) F, W, S. Studies in selected areas of developmental and cell biology. Prerequisites: Biological Sciences 108; limited to School of Biological Sciences majors with upper-division standing.May be taken for credit three times as topics vary.
